f VVASi'.WAADA: TIIK FINCHKS. 5J^5 



n.WNlsTKii, Tr. <'h. A.-. I. lSt)!», 2M. r.MM'KU, Orn. Cal. I, 11>!». Frii»iilla hti<lH»,u,i, 

 LniiT. I{.it. Fuuii. (ill. ill Al.li. Aku.l. Wivs. Ij^rlin, fur 1838, l.s;v.», 424 ui<>t F. 

 hudsuuiii, FoKSTKU). *' Friinjilfit ittrata, BllANUT, Kou. IJnsso-As. tiilt. ii, f. 8" 

 (CabJ. 



►Sp. riiAH. Ih'ud ami iwck all rouiul sooty-Mark ; tlii.s (.-olor ♦•xtfiidiiij; to tin- u|»p»T 

 part of tlu' l»ifa>t. but not aloii;_' the sides iiinler the wiiitrs, uiul with convex outline 

 behiml. Iiiterscajuilar re<,Mon <»!" the bark and expose<l siulace of the uinjj-covtMts and 

 seeoudariea dark rutous-browji, forming' a square jtatch. A lijrhter, nioic pinkish tint of 

 tlie same on the sides of bn-ast and belly, llest of under parts clear white. Kuiiip 

 brownish-ash. Upper tail-eoverts «hisky. Outt^r tw<» tail-featluM-s white ; tlie tliird with 

 oidvaii obscure streak of white. Bill llesh-color, <hiskv at tip. Le-rs llesh-colur. Leui'lh 

 about (i.oO inches ; wiui;, 3.00. 



IIaij. I'aeitio coast of the United States to the east«'rn side of the Hockv Mountains, 

 and north to Alaska. Stra^'glers as far east as F(Mt Leavenworth in winter and (Jreat 

 13end of Missouri. 



Sitka and Orp<?oii sjiecimens have t]u» back of a chirker nifoiis than tliose 

 from California and the Miihlle Tn^vinee, in whicli this portion of tlic hody, 

 as well as the sides, is ]>aler, and in more ahrupt contrast with the head. 



Immature and the majority of winter s])ecimens d(» not have the lilack 

 of the head and neck so well defined, luit ed^ed above more or less with the 

 color of the back, below with li«;ht ashy. 



The Oregon Snowbird in full plumage is readily distinguishable from the 

 eastern species b}- the purer white of the belly ; the more sharjdy «letined 

 outline of the black of the head passes directly acro.ss the uj>i>er jjart of the 

 breast, and is even convex in its posterior outline, without extending down 

 the side of the breast, with its posterior outline strongly concave, as in h)/f- 

 maiis. The absence of black or ashy-brown under the wings, with the rufous 

 tinge, are highly characteristic of on'jonus. The head and neck are consid- 

 erably blacker ; the rufous of the back and wings does not exist in the other. 

 The wings and (juills are more pointed; the second quill usually longest, in- 

 stead of the third, etc. The dusky of the throat reaches in J. onyouuH oidy 

 to the upper part of the breast ; to its middle region in hfcm^dis. 



Sometimes, in adult males, the middle and greater wing-coverts are faintly 

 tipped with white, indicating two inconspicuous bands. 



In a large series of Jum-os collected at Fort AVhipple, Arizona, by Dr. 

 Coues, are several specimens so decidedly intermediate between J. omjimm 

 and J. canirej^'i as to suggest the probability of their being hybrids ; others, 

 from Fort Bui-gwyn and Fort Bridger, are exactly like them. With the ashy 

 head and jugulum, and black lores, as well as bright rufous back, of the latter, 

 the sides are pinkish as in the former ; while, as in this too, the posterior out- 

 line of the ash on jugulum is convex, not concave, and the rufous of the back 

 has a tendency to tinge the wings, instead of being confined to the interscap- 

 iilai-s. (See foot-note to synoptical table, p. 579.) 



Habits. Dr. Suckley found this bird extremely abundant in Oregon and 

 Washington Territory, where it holds about the same ]>osition that the hf/c- 



" 74 



