THE LUNG PLAGUE. 15 



its manifestations in the Dantzig district from 1821 to 1831. Gielen saw 

 the lung plague in 1832, at Blaudenburg, and later, from 1837 to 1843^ 

 in Saclisen. Sauberg, whose prize essay I have so often quoted, enters 

 into very minute details concerning the outbreaks of pleuropneumonia 

 in the Ehine pro\inces of Prussia, from 1830 to 1840. Some idea of the 

 extent of the losses he had to report on may be derived from the fact 

 that in the single district of Diisseldorf ten thousand head of cattle 

 were lost from pleuropneumonia in the eight years from 1832 to 1840. 

 Gerlach has drawn attention to this subject in Prussia with peculiar dili- 

 gence since 1835, and remarks that he has watched personally so many 

 cases, in conjunction with historical researches, that he unhesitatingly 

 pronounces in favor of the view that pleuropneumonia is never devel- 

 oped spontaneously. 



The lung plag-ue prevailed severely in Hanover in the years 1807,1808, 

 1809, 1810, 1812, 1817, 1818. In 1819 Hausmann suggested and per- 

 formed experiments in the inoculation of the disease, which never 

 resulted in practical good. Outbreaks continued to be recorded in Han- 

 over at short intervals from 1820 to 1843, and it has never been alto- 

 gether free since. 



The malady appeared in Saxony in 1827, and has often raged there 

 since, as shown in the writings of Haubner, and the observations made 

 by Leisering, &g. 



In 1862 I made a careful study of the progress of pleuro-pneumonia 

 towards the British isles through Holland, and it is from these two 

 countries that the New World, Africa, and the Australian colonies have 

 been contaminated within the past quarter of a century. 



The disease entered Holland, according to Numann, the director of 

 the veterinary school at Utrecht, in 1833, by the importation of cattle 

 affected with the disease from Prussia, and purchased by a distiller, 

 Yandenbosch, in Gelderland, In 1835 it was transmitted from Gelder- 

 land to Utrecht, thence into South Holland, and it raged especially near 

 the great markets of Eotterdam and Schiedam. The island of Zeeland 

 then began to suffer wherever cattle were injudiciously imported from 

 South Holland, and some outbreaks were attributed to infected cattle 

 from South Holland, Xorth Brabant, and West Flanders. From im- 

 j)ortations of infected cattle, the lung disease attacked the stock on a few 

 farms scattered through the provinces of Drenthe, Groningen, and Over- 

 yssel. It was as late as 1842 that Frieslaud was attacked. British ports 

 were thrown open to the cattle trade by Sir Eobert Peel, and the demands 

 of our markets caused a rush of stock through and from the northern 

 provinces of Holland, which infected them in this year. The first traces 

 of pleuro-pneumonia were observed at Nejiga and Wurms. The Dutcli 

 government ordered the slaughter of nil the infected cattle, and Friesland 

 again remained free of the disease until 1845. Then the British trade 

 again increased ; cattle were passing from Overyssel to Ilarlingen, and 

 in the month of December, 1845, the malady appeared at St. Nicolunsga, 



