16 DErARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



the foUowingf March at Minis, aud soon after at Eiikhuysen. Prevention, 

 by slau^^litering diseased cattle, was enforced; the authorities in Over- 

 yssel were asked to adopt siinihir measures, that there shoukl be no re- 

 newed introduction of disease from that province. The cattle trade was 

 too active, and no sooner was the malady extinguished in one spot than 

 it appeared at others. In the last half of the year 1847, the disease broke 

 out in sixteen stables in sixteen different districts. A last attempt was 

 made to arrest the malady, and seven hundred and three sick or sus- 

 pected animals were killed and bmied. Larger and larger did the num- 

 ber of infected stables become as the cattle dealers' movements increased. 

 In 1848 fifty-eight different outbreaks occurred. By 1863 between five 

 and six thousand out of the fourteen thousand stables in which cattle 

 are kept in Friesland had been visited by the disease, and the annual 

 mortality rose from 5.25 per thousand in 1850 to nearly 40 per thousand. 



It was probably somewhere between 1839 and 1841 that some Dutch 

 cattle were imported into the county Cork, Ireland, by gentlemen related 

 to a British consul at the Hague. This was before the days of free trade 

 in stock, and the animals were introduced under some special permit. 

 Customs of this early period have their representatives in county Cork at 

 the present day, and my inquiries would lead me to believe that the 

 earliest of these importations were followed by the manifestations of 

 pleiu'o-pneumonia. It spread from Cork into Limerick in 1844, and thence 

 to Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Waterford, Wicklow, Meath, Galway, 

 and Eoscommon. The losses in Ireland have been enormous, and indeed 

 much larger than in England and Scotland. The north of Ireland has 

 been more free than the south, but in 1844 cattle were imported into 

 county Tyrone from Glasgow, communicating the disease, which con- 

 tinued till 1852. Londonderry suffered about lS49-'50, and here and 

 there in all other counties, not excluding Kerry, the introduction of the 

 malady by traveling or purchased cattle has occurred. 



AVhile the lung disease was thus lighting up in different parts of Ire- 

 laud, it was committing great ravages in England. All the large towns 

 containing dairy cows suffered. Speedily did the disease pass from 

 London to IManchester, and Birmingham to Liverpool, Leeds, Shefiield, 

 and Xewcastle. It was in the month of November, 1843, that English 

 cattle carried the disease into Scotland at All-Hallow Fair, in Edinburgh. 

 It speedily passed to Glasgow, Perth, and Aberdeen. In 1844 it reached 

 Inverness, on cattle taken there by sea. Thus the large towns and their 

 vicinities were first affected, but no great interval elapsed before farms 

 were contaminated. The counties of Norfolk, Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, 

 Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Xorthnmbcrland were all affected by 1844 

 and 1845, It was later that the disease entered the breeding districts of 

 (il()U(;estershire, Herefordshire, and Devon. Cheshire lost early and 

 much. In Scotland it was 184G and 1847 before many districts in such 

 counties as Lanarkshire and Ayrshire had the disease. It committed 

 great ravages in Wigtown, Renfrew, Fife, Perth, Kincardine, and Aber- 



