C II GEOGRAPHY. 3 



the Gabilan ridge reappears, and is separated by Petaluma 

 valley from the Sonoma ridge, that by Sonoma valley from the 

 Carneros ridge, and that by Xapa valley from the main Coast 

 ridge. Farther north the spurs are so numerous, and con- 

 nected so closelv tosjether, that thev are scarcely distinoruished 

 by names ; and a large portion of the coast, from the main 

 ridge westward, is a mass of mountains. The Coast Moun- 

 tains are steep, rocky, rugged, and brown: north of 38° they 

 are covered with timber and brush : south of that the ridges 

 nearest the ocean have some timber, those farther inland are 

 nearly bare. The main ridge near the head of the Sacramento 

 valley is called the Trinity ridge ; near 3Iount Diablo it is 

 called the Diablo ridge, or the Bolbones ridge ; south of 34° 

 it is called the San Bernardino ridge, and in one place the 

 Cuvamaca Mountain. 



§ 3. Coast Peaks and Passes. — The principal peaks of the 

 main ridge are Mount Linn, in 40° 10' ; Mount St. John, in 

 39° 25' ; Mount Ripley, 7,500 feet high, in 39° 08' ; Mount St. 

 Helena, 3,700 feet high, in 38° 40'; Mount Diablo, 3,857 feet 

 high, in 37° 50'; Pacheco's Peak, 2,700 feet high, in 36° 57'; 

 Mount San Bernardino, 8,500 feet high, in 34° 20' ; and Mount 

 San Gorgonio, 7,000 feet high, in 33° 48'. In the Gabilan 

 ridge are the following peaks: the Chupadero, in 36° 35'; the 

 Gabilan, in 36° 50'; the Loma Prieta, 4,040 feet high, in 37° 

 08' ; and Table Mountain, or Tamulpais, in 37° 53'. The prin- 

 cipal passes in the main ridge are south of the outlet of the 

 Sacramento basin, and are — Livermore's Pass, 686 feet high, 

 in 37° 42'; Pacheco Pass, in 37° ; the Pass de los Robles, in 

 35° 20' ; the Cajon de Tenoco, in 34° 40' ; the Pass of San 

 Fraucisquito, 3,437 feet high, in 34° 35'; Williamson's Pass, 

 3,164 feet high, in 34° 30' ; the Cajon Pass, 4,676 feet high, in 

 34° 10'; the San Gorgonio Pass, 2,808 feet high, in 33° 55'; 

 and Warner's Pass, 3,780 feet high, in 33° 10'. The Santa Mar- 

 garita Pass, with an altitude of 1,350 feet, leads across the 

 Santa Lucia ridge, in 35° 20' ; and the San Fernando Pass, 

 1,956 feet high, crosses the Santa Susanna ridge, in 34° 20'. 



