SOCIETY. 361 



In the counties marked with asterisks the population is chiefly 

 occupied with mining ; and there is some mining in Sacra- 

 mento, Yuba, Del Xorte, Los Angeles, Buena Vista, and San 

 Bernardino counties. Since the census was taken, the eastern 

 part of Calaveras has been organized into Mono county, and 

 the northern part of Napa into Lake county. 



§ 253. Nativities. — In January, 1848, thirteen years ago, 

 the total white population of California did not exceed 15,000 

 in number, of whom two-thirds were Spanish American. Of 

 the 340,000 present white inhabitants, therefore, 325,000 are 

 immigrants or miners. Of the adult population not more than 

 one in twenty is a native of the state. The migration has 

 not been for a short distance. It was from one side of the 

 world to the other — a long and for most an eventful journey. 

 Of the children, about half were born in California. The aver- 

 age time that the immigrants have spent in California may be 

 six years. During the last twelve years not less than 250,000 

 persons who had made their homes in California for a year or 

 more, have left the state, and they are now scattered all over 

 the civilized world. The Americans in Cahfornia represent 

 every state in the Union, and representatives from every state 

 may be found in many of the counties taken separately. In 

 the public schools of San Francisco during 1860, there were 

 1,454 children born in the state of New York, 1,176 born in 

 California, 667 from Massachusetts, 245 from Louisiana, 194 

 from Pennsylvania, 149 from Maine, 72 from Missouri, 70 from 

 Ohio, 61 from Maryland, 49 from Illinois, 47 from Xew Jer- 

 sey, 46 from Rhode Island, 44 from Connecticut, 41 from 

 New Hampshire, 36 from Kentucky, and a few from Vermont, 

 Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 

 Alabama, Mississipi^i, Florida, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, 

 Michigan, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Oregon, the District of 

 Columbia, New Mexico, and Utah. Of foreign countries there 

 were 214 from Germany, 150 from Australia, 121 from Eng- 

 land, 77 from China, 54 from France, 51 from Ireland, 29 from 

 Canada, 27 from Scotland, 25 from Chili, 16 from New Zea- 

 16 



