sociJZTY. 399 



between 5 and 10 years, 1,831 ; 10 and 20 years, 3,198; 20 

 and 30 years, 6,226 ; 30 and 40 years, 3,441 ; 40 and 50 years, 

 1,119; 50 and 60 years, 484 ; 60 and 70 years, 122 ; 70 and 

 80 years, 52 ; 80 and 90 years, 7. Totnl white females, 20,610. 



Chinese. — Males of all ages, 2,168 ; females do., 448. Total 

 Chinese, 2,616. 



Colored. — Males of all ages, 711 ; females do., 435. Total 

 colored, 1,146. 



Recapitulation. — \Yhite males of all ages, 32,463 ; females 

 do., 20,610. Total whites, 53,073 ; Chinese, male and female, 

 2,616 ; colored, 1,146. 



San Francisco is the chief commercial and manufacturing 

 city of this coast. The vessels which entered the port in 1860 

 numbered 1,686, and had an aggregate measurement of 500,000 

 tons. Of the 1,686 vessels, 325 were from foreign ports, 115 

 from American ports on the Atlantic, 1,231 from American 

 ports on the Pacific, and 15 w^ere from w^haling voyages. 



The first house was built in 1835, and the place was then 

 called Yerba Buena, Spanish for " good herb," applied to a 

 species of mint growing in the vicinity. In 1847 the name 

 was changed to San Francisco. In 1846 the population was 

 six hundred, and had grown to about one thousand in the 

 spring of 1848, when the gold fever broke out. During July, 

 August, and September, the town was deserted by many of its 

 residents ; but as the people became impressed with the rich- 

 ness and extent of the mines, and as adventurers began to 

 arrive from abroad, the population of the town increased, and 

 then suddenly it sprang from an obscure village to a world- 

 famous city. In May and June, 1850, and in the same months 

 the next year, great conflagrations swept away the wooden 

 shanties with which the main part of the city w^as built up ; 

 and it was not until the latter half of 1851, that the citizens 

 commenced to erect the numerous fine brick stores which 

 now ornament the principal business streets. The sand ridges, 

 on the site of the city were cut down, and the hollows were 

 filled in ; and the shallow cove in front of the mainland was 



