LAMENESS AND DISEASES, ETC. 



161 



Having done this, if the foot be contracted at the heel, 

 pare it to a leveL The toe of the foot is then in turn to be 

 shortened and the heel weakened by paring out the commissures 

 between the bars and frog as much as, in the judgment of the 

 farrier, the foot can safely bear. The pattern of shoe represented 

 by Fig. 35 should be used upon the horses intended for draft 

 purposes, the nails being placed from the front of the quarters 

 l)ack toward the heel. Clips should be used upon each side 

 of the toe of the shoe, so that when placed upon the foot on each 

 side of the fracture, they will prevent the foot from further ex- 

 pansion, by keeping the pressure off from the toe, as shown in 

 Fig. 57. The toe calkin being placed well back from the 

 toe, lightens the stress at the point where the greatest weakness 

 exists, and allows of an easier play to the foot when in motion. 

 "When the split occurs in the foot of a general business horse, 

 lower the heel and shorten the toe, as much as safety will 

 permit, and thin the heel of the shoe to obtain strong frog 

 pressure, removing^ the 



removing 



pressure around the toe of 

 the foot as before directed. 



Quarter Cracks. — 

 Quarter cracks are longi- 

 tudinal fissures in the 

 hoof, occurring near the 

 heels. They are gener- 

 ally occasioned by im- 

 proper shoeing, or neglect 

 of the foot ; or by allow- 

 ing tne norse to stanci on ^h^ed, and the heel properly cut for the 

 hard floors for a length of bearings at the quarter. 



time, or in the overgrowth of the crust ; or when the frog, sole and 

 bars have been pared away, and the heels weakened ; also by 

 burning the foot in shoeing, or springing the shoe off at the heel, 



Fig. 58. a side view of the foot, with 



CRACK opposite THE WINGS OF THE COFFIN- 

 BONE (A), PROPERLY DRESSED AND THE SHOE 

 ADJUSTED, THE TOE BEING ROLLED OR BEV- 



