THE HORSE IN GENERAL. 29 



Structural Examination. — The chief aim of a critical 

 structural examination is to discover blemishes and any un- 

 soundness of " wind or limb." 



It is of equal importance to recognize the conformation 

 that gives rise to these diseases. The conformation favorable to 

 the various diseases should be as familiar to the horse critic as 

 the appearance of tlie diseases. The structural examination 

 should begin at the head and extend over all regions systemat- 

 ically, so that no parts may be overlooked. The shape of the 

 head and the expression of the countenance add to the beauty 

 and tell much of the mind and disposition of a horse. When 

 the line from the poll to the point of the nose is almost 

 straight, it contributes greatly to the beauty of a horse's head. 

 The nostrils should be widely expanded, as indicating well-devel- 

 oped respiratory organs. The features of the face should be dis- 

 tinct, the muzzle fine, with breadth enough between the eyes to 

 give a pleasing, docile, sensible appearance, and to mark the in- 

 dication of brain development. A large, bright, clear, full eye 

 reflects a kind, courageous disposition, with plenty of staying 

 power or stamina at the bottom. Active and slightly pointed 

 ears are indicative of unimpaired hearing and an energetic dis- 

 position. A lithe, distinctly-lined neck is one of the most 

 pleasing and taking features of a handsome horse. It begins 

 with a light throttle and swells smoothly into the shoulders. 

 The wind-pipe stands out large and distinct below, while above, 

 the crest gives a fuller curve and more muscular development to 

 the part. The chest should be deep rather than broad, as giving 

 equal capacity while permitting the free play of the shoulder- 

 blade on the body. The floor of the chest should be low be- 

 tween the fore legs, and of good length from the point of the 

 chest to that of the elbow. 



Muscular Development. — The formation of the shoulders 

 has much to do with the elasticity and quickness of the front 



