THE SKELETON AND OUTLINES OF THE HORSE 



DRAWN FROM NATURE. See Fig. 2. 



1. Cranium and face. 



2. Lower jaw. 



.S. Cervical vertobrse— Jointed process of 

 the neck. 



4-4. Dorsal vertebrse— Jointed process of 

 the back. 



5-5. Lumbar vertebrsB— Jointed process of 

 the loins. 



G-6. Sacnira. A consolidation of five ver- 

 teliric, articulated, or jointed in front with 

 the last lumbar, or loin vertebrae, and behind 

 with the first coccygeal bone; and on the 

 sides with the coxae, the bones which, with 

 the sacrum, form the pelvis. The sacrum is 

 triangular, flattened above and below, and 

 from before and behind, describes a slight 

 curve upward. 



7-7. Coccygeal vertebrse— Jointed process 

 extending from sacrum backward. 



8. Sub-trochanterian crest. 



9-9. True ribs. 



10-10. (Cartilages of true ribs. 



11-11. False ribs. 



12-12. Cartilages of false ribs. 



13. Collar-bone. 



14. Fourteenth Dorsal Vertebra — The 

 axis upon whicli the body is hung. 



15. Radius— Forearm. 



16. Elbow. 



17. Pisiform, or pea-shaped bone. 



18. Cuneiform, or wedge-shaped bone. 



19. Lunar bone. 



20. Trapezoid, or table bone. 



21. Magnum, or large bone. 



22. Scaphoid, or cradle bone. 



2;{. Unciform, or hock bone. The pisiform 

 bone, together with the last six named, make 

 up the carpal bones, and correspond with 

 the wrist bones of man. 



24. Cannon or shank bone. 



2')-26. Splint bones, two on each leg. 



27-28. Sesamoid bones. 



29. Upper pastern bone. 



30. Coronary, or lower pastern bones. 



31. Coffln or frtot bone. 

 3-'. Wing of coffin, or fofit bone. 

 33-36 and 34-35. Coxae — these bones with 

 tlie sacrum form the pelvis. 



37. Femur. 



38. Tibia. 



39. Os calcis— heel bone. 



40. Astralagus. 



41. Scaphoid, or cradle bone, 



42. Cuneiform, or large wedge-shaped 

 bone. 



43. Os cuboides, or cube bone. 



44. Little cuneiform, or wedge-shaped 

 bone. Tne heel bone, together Willi the live 

 last named, form the tai>ns, or hock. 



45. Cannon, or shank bone. 



46-17. Kxterior and interior splint bones. 



48. Shoulder. 



49. Fibula. 



50. 50, 50, 50. Navicular or nut bone. 



A. Molars. 



B. (Canine teeth or tnsks. 

 (J. lncisor.'». 



E. .\tl>is— First Vertebra, or joint of neck, 

 and articnl iting or jointing iinmediately 

 with the occipital or head bone, sustaining 

 the head. Hence its numf. 



G. Orbit— Cavity in which the eve is situ- 

 ated. 



H. Lower tu>iks. 

 I. Lower li|). 



M. Cariniforra cartilages. 



N. Eiisiform, or sword-shaped cartilage. 



O. Coracoid process of scapula. 



P. Spine. 



Q. Cartilage, or gristle. 



K. Major trochanter. 



S. Sternum, or breast bone. 



T. Trochlea. 



U. External condyle. 



V. Patella or stifle. 



W. Hock joint. 



X. Trochanter — Major externus. 



FIGS. 2-a AND 2-b. 



If 



SIDE VIEWS OF FORE AND HIND LEGS AND FEET, SHOWING CORRECT POSITIONS 

 OF THE TENDONS, LIGAMENTS AND SHEATHS. 



NOTE — Where there is a varialimi, or same letter does not represent same 

 object ill both, the figures are enumerated. 



A. Flexor perforatus. 

 B-B-B. Flexor perforans. 

 C. Metacarpal or upper check ligament of 

 the perforans tendon. 

 1). Suspensory ligament of the fetlock. 



E. Front extensor tendon (inserted into 

 foot of coffin bone). 



F. Splint bone. 



G (Fig. 3). Branching of the suspensory 

 liv'ament. 



H-H (Fig. 2-a) and H (Fig. 2-b). Branch of 

 suspensory ligament passing forward to join 

 the extensor tendon. 



I-J. Periosteum membrane covering sur- 

 face of cannon and pastern bones. 



K. Junction of suspensory lisjament and 

 extensor tendon forming broad covering to 

 lower pastern. 



L (Fig. 2-a). Fibrous reticulum (podophyl- 

 lus tissue), forming the numerous leaves of 

 the sensitive laminae, covering the external 

 face of the coffin bone and interlocking with 

 the horny leaves ( keraphyllous tissue) of the 

 inner surface of the surrounding wall. 



M. Pastern supporting, or lowercheck liga- 

 ment. See Fig. 4, p. 51, for full explanation. 



N (Fig. 2-b). Tarsal sheath. 



N (Fig. 2-b). Oblique extensor. 



O (Fig. 2-b). Anterior extensor of meta- 

 carpus. 



P (Fig. 2-b). Lateral cartilage. 



R (Fig. 2-b). (Coronary chamber. 



S (Fig. 2-b). Horny exterior, or outer 

 wall of hoof. 



T Sesamoidal sheath. 



