G4 SCIENTIFIC HORSESHOEING. 



Q. S. What offit'O does the coroiinrv sul)8tancH or liund [wr- 

 furni? 



A. Il is the uiiiliiiii; part tliat holds the hoof to t he |)ast('ni. 

 It ex[)ands and t-ontracts to the a<'1 ion of tlie foot whrii in motion. 

 It is the siil)staiice which secretes the growth of new horn. See 

 Fiu;. IT). [). {')2. 



(i. *.'. What ofKce do the sensitive huuina', and the insensitive 

 huninu', or horny i)hites. j)erforni? 



A. Tlie sensitive hiniina' ari- dovi-taih-d or iniheddcd into tiie 

 insensitive hiniinie, or horny phites of the hoof, and together 

 serve as a cusliion to ease the effects of the footfall. There are 

 between six and seven hundred in ninnl)er, as estimated by the 

 best authorities. Xow, at every step the liorse takes, the himina? 

 ascend and descend a quarter of an inch. Figurine; on tlie basis 

 of seven hundred of each, there are seven hundred quarters of an 

 inch to l)reak concussion, or one hundred and seventy-five inches. 

 Reducing to feet, this makes fourteen and seven-twelfths feet to 

 break concussion. The lamiiue keep the coffin bone from pressing 

 upon the sensitive sole, so it is cpiite essential to keep the foot 

 well lialanced and in a healthful state. See Figs. 6, p. 58 ; 7. p. 

 54 : 15. p. 02. 



Q. 10. What office does the verticulum or membranous cover- 

 ing of the coffin bone perform? 



A. It acts as a protecting cushion between the coffin bone and 

 sensitive laminae, and prevents friction to th(\se parts. See Figs. 

 8, p. 55 : 9, p. 56. 



Q. 11. What office does the lateral cartilage attached to the 

 back part of the foot perform? 



A. It is a protection to the nerves, arteries and veins, and 

 assists in giving the springy foot action when in normal health. 

 See Figs. 8, p. 55; 10, p. 57; 11, p. 58; 13, p. GO. 



Q. 1-. Of what use are the sesamoid bones? 



A. They act as pulleys for the flexor perforai is to play over, 

 and as a sup]')ort to the suspensory ligaments of the leg. See Fig. 

 5. p. 52. 



