70 SCIENTIFIC horsp:shop:ing. 



more or less in almost every individual horse, sliort pastern 

 horses standing at a a^reater angle than those with long [lasterns, 

 and hind feet more than the fore ; henee, tlie natural bias of the 

 superimposed structures is the only safe guide to follow. 



How to get on in the Work. — As the slightest departure 

 from exactitude here renders wliatever amount of care that may 

 be devoted to the completion of the work worse than useless, and 

 as every one knows that accurate leveliuij; can not be done l)y 

 the unaided eye, mechanical means must be resorted to for the 

 purpose, and a scientitic leveler and compass should therefor 

 form part of every farrier's outfit. 



Farriers' Tools. — All the world over, the simplicity and 

 fewness of farriers' tools, have from the beginning, marked the 

 slow progress of his invaluable art. The buttress, the knife, the 

 clinch cutter, the hammer and the pinchers have comprised his 

 "kit" of tools, and these as a general thing of rude or inferior 

 construction ; latterly, however, they are of better design and 

 material, and more elective in use. But now, to be up with the 

 spii'it of the times, the shoeing smith needs more scientific toc^Is 

 for expert workmanship in leveling and adjusting the angles of 

 the foot, to secure that precision and perfection imperative!}" de- 

 manded, and to supply this long felt want I am performing a 

 duty W'hich needs no other words of explanation in referring my 

 readers to the " Russell Foot Adjuster,'' a description of which 

 is inserted here wnth directions and illustrations for its practical 

 use, as a preliminary guide to the subject proper, and which 

 will follow after in due order of place and connection. 



