148 



SCIENTIFIC HORSESHOEING. 



further illustrate and explain the subject, T insert here two op- 

 posing views of the bones of the front foot and leg in order to 

 establish a comparison between the normal and abnormal posi- 

 tion of which they are the representations. 



Fig. 45. normal position, front view. 



E, E, Vertical line through axis of 

 joints. A, Cannon-bone. B, Upper 

 pastern. C, Lower pastern. D, Cof- 

 fin-bone. F, F, Inner and outer 

 splints. G, G, G, Lower row of knee 

 bones. H, H, Upper row. 



The knees and hocks are formed of 

 several small bones placed in two 

 rows, articulating with the larger bones 

 above and below, as shown and de- 

 scribed in skeleton, Fig. 2. 



Fig. 46. abnormal position, back 



VIEW. 



A, B, Level to which the foot should 

 conform. C, Vertical line locating 

 center of axis and indicating the dis- 

 placement caused by unlevel base 

 of foot throwing the weight on the 

 outside heel. D, CotEn-bone. E, 

 Navicular. P, Lower pastern. G, 

 L'pper pastern. H, H, Sesamoids. 

 I, Cannon-bone. J, J, Splints (fhe 

 highest one diseased). K, Morbid 

 enlargement of upper pastern. L, L» 

 Side bones or ossified cartilages. 



