VALUABLE HINTS TO FAERLERS, ETC. 327 



another. Horseshoing necessarily depends largely upon good 

 judgment. For instance, take the draft cob road horse. There 

 are scarcely two horses that wear their shoes alike, as some 

 will wear the outside of one shoe and on the opposite foot will 

 wear the inside ; some horses will wear the toes of shoes more 

 than the heels, and some will wear the heels more than the 

 toes. (See cuts shown in this edition.) Now, to overcome 

 faulty action, make a close examination of the foot. Where 

 the wear is the greatest on the outside heel, the foot is not 

 level, and the inside toe of the foot is too high ; in some cases 

 the outside heel and quarter are curled under. Take the 

 opposite front foot where the wear is the greatest on the in- 

 side, and on close examination it will be found that the out- 

 side toe is too high. If the foot is pared and shoe properly 

 made and fitted, the shoe will be worn level. (See page 97, fig- 

 ure 23 ; pages 94 and 95, figures 17, 18 and 19.) By keeping the 

 foot pared level, the foot and leg in their forward movement 

 will break straight through the journals of the joints. (See 

 page 148, figure 45, where the cuts clearly show the eff'ect of 

 having the foot pared and dressed level from coronet to 

 ground tread.) One of the most important points in horse- 

 shoeing is in having the feet pared level. (As shown on 

 pages 94 and 95, figures 17, 18 and 19 ; page 97, figure 23 ; 

 page 100, figure 26; page 103, figure 29, in sixth edition.) 

 Stand the horse on a level floor, then step in front and behind 

 the horse and see if the upper and lower pasterns stand up- 

 right and plumb under the cannon bone. If the upper and 

 lower pasterns are leaning in and out the foot is not level on 

 the ground surface ; if the pasterns are leaning in, the foot is 

 too high on the outside toe and quarter, while if the pasterns 

 lean out the foot is too high on the inside toe and quarter. 

 Step to the side and see if the front part of the foot is on a 



