VALUABLE HINTS TO FARRIERS, ETC. 329 



260, figure 165. The shoe was made according to the cut in 

 this edition. The shoe weighed seventeen ounces. After 

 having the shoe nailed to the foot the horse was driven and 

 has never worn a knee boot since. He has since beaten 

 horses with records of 2 : 10. This is one of the causes of 

 knee-hitting ; the difficulty is behind, and as soon as the 

 cause is removed the effect of knee-hitting ceased. 



This horse was a pacing horse. My experience has 

 taught me that we cannot shoe the pacing horse with the 

 same style and weight of shoes as the trotting horse, as their 

 gaits are very different. We cannot shoe the long pastern 

 horse with the same weight and style of shoes as the short 

 pastern, and have the horses perform their work with ease 

 and comfort. In the past, a great many shocrs shod 

 horses without looking at the shape and length of the 

 pasterns. To be successful, the farrier must take a good look 

 at the formation of the foot and length of the pasterns and 

 formation of the legs and body. There are other causes that 

 will cause horses to hit and bruise their ankles, shins and 

 knees. The breeching is sometimes too high or too low or 

 too tight, and the breast collar too high or too low or too 

 tight. In many cases the teeth are out of condition. If the 

 horse fights the bit, or pulls his head and neck to one side, 

 the fault is in the teeth and in checking the head and neck 

 too high or low. (See skeleton, page 30, figure 2.) A close 

 examination of the skeleton will give my readers a clear and 

 better idea how to overcome many faulty actions in the gaits 

 of horses. As the time changes, everything changes. As 

 the horse increases his speed, he quickens his evolutions, and 

 the thinner the shoe the longer the stride, the lighter the shoe 

 the lighter the foot fall. 



Shoers are becoming better educated and more enlight- 



