VALUABLE HINTS TO FARRIERS, ETC. 331 



feet and ill-fitted shoes and also of feet and legs all through 

 this edition, showing how to pare and dress the feet for 

 the reception of the shoes, and how to restore the foot when 

 the shape has been partially lost. The man that knows 

 where to cut and when to stop cutting is an artist in his pro- 

 fession. If the feet are kept properly balanced, lame horses 

 will be seldom met. 



I have endeavored to make my explanation so plain that 

 every man that reads it can fully understand it, and as a re- 

 sult can have his horse properly shod and its usefulness and 

 comfort preserved for years. 



THE TEETH OF THE HORSE. 



The following statement with regard to the teeth of a 

 horse is furnished by W. A. Lewis, D. V. S., who has prac- 

 ticed in many of the leading- cities, treating as many as 

 eighteen hundred horses in veterinary dentistry in 1893 : 

 "The upper jaw is one inch wider than the lower, thus 

 causing the upper grinders to shut one-half inch over the 

 lower ones. As a result, the upper sides of the teeth have 

 a tendency to wear sharp on the outside next to the cheek, 

 and the lower grinders to wear on the inside next to the 

 tongue. After these teeth have become sharp, the pulling of 

 the lines in the use of a bridle of a horse brings the cheek- 

 piece of the bit against the horse's mouth, pressing the inside 

 of the teeth against the sharp edges of the grinders, which 

 has a tendency to cause inflammation, and frequently results 

 in large gashes. The horse will toss its head up and down, 

 slobber, will pull unevenly on the lines and many times will 

 balk. 



