98 THE GROUSE IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASE 



Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) known also as Bog Cran- 

 berry, Mossberry, Moorberry, or Fenberry, a very low 

 plant with a prostrate straggling slender stem and small 

 leaves. It is found creeping on the surface of the moss 

 in boggy places. The flowers which appear in June, 

 July, and August are solitary and bright red, and the 

 dark red fruit, which ripens in August, is pleasant to 

 the taste. This berry is common in many parts of 

 England, but is little known in Scotland, though the 

 plant without the berry is sometimes seen. The leaf and 

 the berry are sometimes eaten by the Grouse. See 

 PL xii., Fig. 2. 



Red Whortleberry or Cranberry (Scotland) (Vaccinium 

 vitis-idcea), also called Clusterberry, Cowberry, Nutberry, 

 or Nubbery, Craneberry, and Crawberry, a low, straggling 

 shrub with leaves resembling those of the box. The 

 pink flowers, which appear from June to August, grow 

 in terminal drooping clusters, and the bright red berries 

 ripen in September. Its leaves are to be distinguished 

 from those of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi by the dots on the 

 under surface and the rolled back edges. Grouse eat 

 the berry eagerly, and will occasionally feed on the leaf. 

 See PL xiii., Fig. 3. 



Red Bear Berry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), also called Gras- 

 sack or Graashacks, a small trailing evergreen shrub 

 which grows in dry heathery and rocky places. The 

 leaves are finely reticulated, and the berries are red, and 

 inside are mealy with hard angular seeds. The rose- 

 coloured flowers appear from June to August in terminal 

 clusters. See PL xiii., Fig. 4. 



Cloudberry (Rubus chamcemorus), also called Averine and 

 (in Cumberland) Noops, a small herbaceous plant belong- 

 ing to the Raspberry family with large green leaves 

 resembling those of the Geranium. It grows amongst 

 the heather and grass on the mountain tops and high 

 ridges. Its flowers, which appear in June and July, 



