' 



PEE FACE. 



WE have all laughed at the ridiculous answers given to 

 examination questions in physiology. But such absurd state- 

 ments ought to arouse something more than laughter. They 

 should give rise to serious thought. What do they signify ? 

 That children make gross blunders ? But they do not make 

 such wild statements about things which they have seen and 

 handled. These absurd answers are a sad comment on the 

 method of teaching. They point not to stupidity in the child, 

 but to shortcoming in instruction. 



Many years ago the writer became convinced of the utter 

 futility of mere book-work in teaching physiology ; he sought 

 all available means of making the subject clear and full of 

 meaning to his pupils. These illustrations, experiments, and 

 dissections have multiplied ; in the hope that what has been so 

 useful to him may also prove helpful to others, the author 

 presents them in this form to his fellow-teachers. 



The whole of the manuscript has been critically read by 

 Dr. G. W. Fitz of Harvard University. The manuscript has 

 also been read by M. F. Arey, State Normal School, Cedar 

 Falls, Iowa ; E. R. Boyer, Hyde Park High School, Chicago, 

 111. ; H. Garman, State Agricultural College, Lexington, Ky. ; 

 N. A. Harvey, Normal School, West Superior, Wis. ; W. S. 

 Jackman, Chicago Normal School ; A. J. McClatchie, Throop 



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