MASSAGE. 103 



be poured into any cavity, like the glands of excretion and 

 secretion. It has been found, in the case of accidents to man. 

 and by experiment 011 the lower animals, that life may con- 

 tinue after this organ has been removed. 



Massage. A system of pressing, rubbing, and kneading 

 the muscles is known as massage. It helps the flow of the 

 blood and lymph, thus aiding in washing out the waste prod- 

 ucts from the muscles and other parts of the body that are to 

 be reached by pressure. We have seen that one of the bene- 

 fits of exercise is to promote the circulation of the blood and 

 of the lymph, and so to help get rid of the waste matters that 

 are produced by the activity of the various organs. Many in- 

 valids cannot take active exercise. So this passive exercise 

 may very fairly take its place, and assist in the nutrition of 

 the tissues by accelerating the flow of blood and lymph, bring- 

 ing new nourishment and carrying away wastes. For students 

 who do not take sufficient exercise it is a good thing to rub 

 the body thoroughly and briskly, not only after a bath, but 

 often with the hands or with a dry towel. 



Transfusion of Blood. Transfusion of blood is the trans- 

 fer of blood from the blood-vessels of one animal to those of 

 another. Transfusion may be direct or immediate, as when 

 the blood-vessels of the two animals are connected by tubing, 

 so that the blood passes from one to the other without expo- 

 sure to the air ; in indirect or mediate transfusion, the blood is 

 first drawn into a receptacle. In indirect tranfusion, the blood 

 is often defibrinated before transference. The blood may be 

 introduced either into an artery or a vein ; if into a vein, it is 

 sent in the direction of the natural flow, i.e., toward the heart ; 

 if into an artery, in either direction. Soon after the discovery 

 of the circulation of the blood, the operation of transfusion 

 began to be practiced, and high hopes were indulged in as to 

 its value. But it was soon found to be attended by so much 



