FUNCTIONS OF CEREBRUM. 259 



6. The sixth pair control muscles of the eyeballs. 



7. The seventh or Facial Nerve is the nerve controlling 

 the expression in the face as it is distributed to the facial 

 muscles. 



8. The eighth are the Auditory, or nerves of hearing. 



9. The ninth are the Glosso-pharyngeal, and give the sense 

 of taste from the base of the tongue. 



10. The tenth, the vagi or Pneumogastric Nerves, extend 

 not only to the lungs and stomach as the name indicates, but 

 also send fibers to the heart, gullet, larynx, etc. 



11. The eleventh pair arise outside of the cranial cavity, 

 enter, and pass out again, to supply certain muscles of the 

 neck and shoulders. 



12. The twelfth pair control the muscles of the tongue. 

 The Cerebrum and its Functions. If the cerebral 



hemispheres are removed from a frog, he will sit up about as 

 before, but seems to pay little attention to what is going on 

 around him. If placed on his back, he will turn over and sit up. 

 If pinched, he may jump away, and may show that he can see 

 by avoiding anything that may come in his way. If placed in 

 the water he will swim, and if he swims against anything that 

 he can climb upon, will do so and remain quiet. If placed on 

 a board, and the board be slowly tilted, he will move along 

 and keep his equilibrium, climbing over the end of the board 

 if necessary to keep his balance. If left alone, he will not 

 move; and will die in his tracks, though he will eat food if 

 it is put in his mouth. He seems to have lost the power of 

 Willing to do anything, or what we call the power of Volition. 

 He originates no action. 



A pigeon with its cerebrum removed acts in about the 

 same way. It remains quiet, stupid, paying no attention to 

 ordinary events. A sudden loud noise may cause it to start. 

 If its tail be pulled, it moves forward to regain its balance. 



