120 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE. [CHAP. vj. 



the order of statement ; thus " Victoria is the Queen of 

 England " is tautologous with " The Queen of England is 

 Victoria." 



2. Grammatically related, when the classes or objects 

 are the same and similarly related, and the only difference 

 is in the words ; thus " Victoria is the Queen of England " 

 is grammatically equivalent to "Victoria is England's 

 Queen." 



3. Equivalents in qualitative and quantitative form, the 

 classes being the same, but viewed in a different manner. 



4. Logically inferrible, one from the other, or it may be 

 etptivalent, when the classes and relations are different, but 

 involve the same knowledge of the possible combinations 



