192 TOBACCO. 



amounted to 480,263Z. The exports of tobacco from 

 Yloilo were 25,454 piculs (of 133 Ib.) in 1878, and 20,600 

 quintals (of 101J Ib.) in 1879, all to Spain. 



Roumania. Tobacco was extensively cultivated at one 

 time, with success, near Macin and in other parts ; but 

 the monopoly has greatly affected the condition of the 

 industry. 



Russia. As regards the production of tobacco, Eussia 

 ranks second among continental countries, but the con- 

 sumption is less per head than in other lands. Consul 

 Stanton says that smoking began in the latter part of the 

 sixteenth century, and the habit steadily increased, not- 

 withstanding the fact that it was punished by the knout, 

 slitting of the nostrils, and banishment to Siberia. It 

 is most extensively cultivated in Tshernigoff, Poltava, 

 Bessarabia, and Samara. In Poland, the production is not 

 large, and is mainly confined to the vicinity of Warsaw. 

 It is chiefly cultivated by the peasants and is often their 

 only occupation. 



In 1883, Eiga exported 70,722 pouds of leaf tobacco, 

 valued at 194,486 rubles. Sevastopol shipped 59 pouds, 

 value 1100 rubles. Tobacco is now cultivated largely 

 in all parts of the Crimea, and is likely to become an 

 export of considerable importance. In Taganrof planta- 

 tions are on the increase, and the culture promises well. 



San Salvador. The exports of tobacco in 1884 were 

 16,113 dollars' worth of leaf, 5898 dollars' worth of manu- 

 factured, and 826 dollars' worth of other sorts. 



Servia. It is estimated that there are 4000 acres 

 under tobacco culture in Servia. 



Spain. The port of Cadiz is a great centre of the 



