ADULTERATIONS AND SUBSTITUTES. 269 



happen. The supervisor at Birmingham, observing that 

 an article was being sold at a very cheap rate in packets, 

 under the name of * smoking mixture,' sent a sample 

 to the Inland Eevenue laboratory for examination, and it 

 being found to contain a large proportion of vegetable 

 matter resembling the broken-up heads of camomile 

 flowers, further inquiry led to the discovery of the manu- 

 factory. The process of manufacture consisted in 

 exhausting the bitter principle of camomile flower-heads 

 with water, and then dyeing and sweetening them with a 

 solution of logwood and liquorice, which brought them, 

 when dried, somewhat to the colour of tobacco. The 

 heads, when broken up, were then mixed with from 20 to 

 30 per cent, of cut tobacco, according to the price at 

 which the mixture was to be sold. The mixture was 

 supplied to retailers in packets labelled ' The New 

 Smoking Mixture, Analysed and Approved,' and as 

 agencies had already been established in several towns, 

 an extensive trade would no doubt soon have arisen had 

 the manufactory not been suppressed at an early stage 

 of its existence." 



The United States Consul at Smyrna puts the following 

 statement in his report of January 15, 1883. 



Since the establishment of the tobacco monopoly in 

 Turkey, snuff may be said to be one of the several articles 

 that undergo the most unscrupulous adulteration. Owing 

 to the high amount of duties imposed on tobacco by the 

 Turkish Government, and the large profits licensed 

 manufacturers expect to make on the same, the poorer 

 classes cannot afford to use the products of doubtful 

 purity coming from the factories, and so are altogether 



