QUARANTINE LAWS AND ORDERS. 15 



in the lack of funds heretofore to carry on the work were all other 

 impediments removed, lies the inadequacy of our horticultural quaran- 

 tine service upon the landed borders of California. 



The state commission law prior to its amendment in effect June 26, 

 1911, specifically affirmed the right of the United States customs service 

 to pass any article into the state over the head of the state quarantine 

 officer, and, furthermore, the law required the assent of the Federal 

 government to the establishment of quarantine lines wheresoever the 

 jurisdiction of the United States extended. These features have been 

 abrogated by the amended law of June 26, 1911, and now whatever 

 defects may exist are due to deficiencies in our own laws. As soon as 

 the law above mentioned became effective and the larger appropriation 

 became available on July 1st, steps were taken to improve the quaran- 

 tine service of the southwestern border of the State. In the absence of 

 legal authority, other means of protection are being perfected which 

 should guard our frontiers more thoroughly. It is hoped the scheme, if 

 it can be adopted, will prove entirely satisfactory. The customs service 

 officials have given the State all the assistance possible, and whenever a 

 customs office is located in California the state quarantine inspectors are 

 permitted to examine every package and piece of baggage opened by the 

 Federal officials. 



MISCELLANEOUS QUARANTINE MATTERS. 



This bulletin is designed primarily to assist the state quarantine 

 guardians in the discharge of their duties, and at the same time to give 

 the public a better understanding of the methods of protecting the fruit 

 industries of the State. It is hoped that the bulletin may also enliven 

 public opinion upon the necessity of improving the protective laws and 

 of cooperating in every way with the officials chargect^with the execution 

 of these protective measures. To further this publicity and interest an 

 account is here given of a few lesser activities and incidents connected 

 with the quarantine work. From these the officials may find an occa- 

 sional precedent, and the public may see the character of the difficulties 

 confronting the quarantine service. A few incidents and conditions 

 have been selected, each of which is typical of a different phase of the 

 work. 



FEDERAL QUARANTINE. 



We have no Federal laws regulating the importation of plants and 

 i'ruits into the United States, although for many years the fruit 

 growers of California have advocated such measures, and on several 

 occasions have presented bills to congress providing a national quaran- 

 tine against the importation, and the transportation of diseased nur- 

 sery stock and fruits in interstate commerce. The last attempt to 

 regulate these classes of traffic was in the introduction of House of 

 Representatives Bill 23252 in March, 1910, which provided for the 

 introduction of foreign nursery stock by permit only, but like all sim- 

 ilar measures it met defeat at the hands of American importers. Dur- 

 ing the last two years, however, much protection to California fruit 

 interests has been afforded through the activities of the Bureau of 

 Entomology at Washington, whose Chief now sends to the State Com- 

 missioner a manifest of every lot of plants passing through the Atlan- 



