ELM SALLOW. 257 



tlie mind back to many a pleasant wood, or cottage over- 

 shadowed by that beautiful tree. It has rough leaves, doubly 

 serrated, and deeply cloven capsules. The Komans used to 

 train young Elms into convenient shapes, and plant the vines 

 to twine around them. 



The Wych Elm (U. montana), has larger leaves, and the 

 seed-vessels are less cloven. This tree is frequently met with 

 in Scotland. 



There is a fine avenue of the common Elm (U. campestris, 

 Plate XV., jig. 1), in St. James's Park, London, and another 

 in the Champs Ely sees, in Paris. The tree is mature at the 

 age of 150 years. 



There are a Cork-barked Elm, and a Smooth-leaved Elm, 

 and a Cornish Elm ; but these trees are rarely to be met with, 

 and we have no specimens of them. 



The CATKIN order succeeds that of the Elm, and includes a 

 great many British families. Of these the Willow is the first. 

 The flowers are arranged in catkins, or, as the children call them, 

 palms ; the male catkins on one plant, and the female on another. 



By the side of the Swale, near Eichmond, a great variety of 

 Willows are to be found. There are the Osier Willow (Salix 

 viminalis), so useful in basketmaking ; and the Eose Willow 

 (S. helix), of low growth, and with pinkish catkins and narrow 

 leaves ; and the Basket Willow (S. Forbiana), the female of the 

 Bayton Willow, both occasionally used for weaving. Opposite 

 to these grows the Two-coloured Willow (S. bicolor), the whitish 

 lining of its broad dark leaves being considered as a second 

 colour ; whilst by the side of a well, in a field not a hundred 

 yards further off, towers a handsome tree of the Silky-leaved 

 Willow (S. Smithiana), its slender greyish catkins closely re- 

 sembling the narrow young leaves. 



In the woods bordering this river the golden catkins of the 

 Eound-leaved Sallow (S. caprea, Plate XV., fig. 2), make a gay 

 object in the spring ; and the Water Sallow (S. aquatica), with its 

 downy leaves and bright catkins, strikes its roots into the stream. 



