LEAF-ARRANGEMENT. 113 



to give a certain play to the leaves. In Maple 

 they are much longer, bringing the leaves approxi- 

 mately to the same level, and carrying the lower 

 and outer ones free from the upper and younger 

 ones. 



Now, if we arrange the Spanish Chestnut leaves 

 round a centre, as in Fig. 30, it is at once obvious 



FIG. 31. MAPLE LEAVES ON CHESTNUT. 



how much space is wasted. On the other hand, 

 if we place the leaves of the Maple on the stalk 

 of a Spanish Chestnut at the points from which 

 the leaves of Chestnut came off, as in Fig. 31, we 

 shall see that the stalks are useless, and even mis- 

 chievous as a cause of weakness and of waste of 

 space ; while, on the other hand, if we omit the 

 stalks, or shorten them to the same length as those 



