INFLAMMATORY LEUKOCYTOSIS 73 



born to be 8,000 per cmm., while the average for adults he gives 

 as 7,200. Other investigators give the normal for cats as about 

 13,000. 



Violent exercise, cold baths and massage. A considerable 

 increase in the number of leucocytes has been found after severe 

 muscular exertion. Larrabee examined the blood of four con- 

 testants in a twenty-five mile running race before and immediately 

 after the finish of the race. He found a leucocytosis of 14,400 to 

 22,200, the increase being mainly in the polymorphs (83.8-90.3%). 

 The eosins were absent in three cases and much reduced in the 

 fourth. A small number of myelocytes and cells intermediate 

 between myelocytes and polymorphs were found in three cases. 

 Similar results have been obtained by other investigators. The 

 character of the leucocytosis is similar to that found in the in- 

 flammatory type. 



Winternitz found that after short cold baths there was an in- 

 crease in the red corpuscles (maximum of 56 persons 1,860,000 

 per cmm.), hemoglobin (maximum 14%) and leucocytes (maxi- 

 mum, three times the normal). The maximum is not always 

 reached at once, often it is reached after an hour. By two hours 

 a decrease was generally found, though sometimes an increase 

 was observed. In twenty typhoid patients Thayer found an aver- 

 age increase of leucocytes from 7,721 before to 13,170 after short 

 cold baths. The increase affected all the varieties. Rovighi found 

 that the number of leucocytes is increased in an arm given a short 

 cold bath or a prolonged hot one, while a prolonged cold or a short 

 hot one decreases the leucocytes in the immersed arm. Becker 

 reports that the increase in leucocytes after short cold baths is 

 found in capillary blood, but is not seen in venous blood, where 

 the number of leucocytes is normal. 



Mitchell observed that the leucocytes, red corpuscles and hemo- 

 globin were increased after an hour's general massage. The leuco- 

 cytosis found as a result of thermic influences or massage is gener- 

 ally thought to be due to changes in the blood pressure and to 

 vasomotor influences producing a change in the size of the per- 

 ipheral vessels. 



Inflammatory leucocytosis. — Inflammatory leucocytosis is so 

 called from there being present an increase in the number of leuco- 

 cytes in many of the acute infectious diseases. It is characterized 



