70 IXFLFEXCES AFFECTING THE LEUCOCYTES 



proteins or their products and bacterial cultures have been found 

 to produce a greater or less grade of leucocytosis. Only a few of 

 the great number of investigations can be cited. Pohl found that 

 the aromatic extracts and oils (oil of anise, peppermint, fennel), 

 vegetable bitters (absinthe, extract of gentian), certain alkaloids 

 (piperin, strychnine and others) caused in fasting dogs a distinct 

 increase in the number of leucocytes (40-120%) which appeared 

 within one-half hour and disappeared in two hours. Winternitz 

 studied the effect of a variety of drugs as to the relation between 

 the grade of local action on the tissues and the degree of intra- 

 vascular leucocytosis. He observed (1) that by subcutaneous 

 injection neutral salts and simple irritants, such as free acids and 

 alkalis, induced slight local disturbance with moderate leucocytosis 

 and fever and (2) that turpentine, oil of mustard, croton oil, 

 sapotoxin, digotoxin, silver nitrate, cupric sulphate, mercurials 

 and antimonials produced aseptic suppuration and more marked 

 leucocytosis. He found that the amount of leucocytosis is propor- 

 tional to the intensity of the local reaction. Wilkinson obtained 

 a diminution followed by an increase of leucocytes after the injec- 

 tion of potassium iodide, camphor, quinine, antipyrin, salicin, 

 salicylic acid, nuclein and pilocarpin. Rieder found an increase 

 of leucocytes after the administration in dogs of pyrodin per os 

 to seven times the normal, NaCl solution, intraperitoneal injec- 

 tion, to twice the normal, bacterial cultures, bacterial proteins, 

 tuberculin, alkaliprotein (Buchner), pyocyaneus alkaliprotein, 

 glutenocasein in rabbits, peameal pulp. The leucocytes were in- 

 creased 11-12 times the normal after three daily injections of 

 pyocyanin. Injections of hemialbumose, peptone, pepsin, nu- 

 cleinic acid, nuclein, urea, sodium urate, curare, pyocyanin and 

 tuberculin produce a leucopenia followed by leucocytosis in ani- 

 mals (Lowit). Goldschneider and Jacob obtained similar results 

 from the injection of glycerin extracts of spleen, thymus and bone 

 marrow; but obtained negative results from extracts of thyroid, 

 liver, kidney and pancreas. After the intravenous and sub- 

 cutaneous injection of a solution of ether, Dcrouaux found a 

 transient leucopenia followed by a polynuclear leucocytosis last- 

 ing several days succeeded by a secondary mononucleosis. In- 

 halation of ether he found followed by polynuclear leucocytosis. 

 Harvey found that a lymphocytosis occurred after the injection 



