241] THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER iy 



and are being gradually introduced. These machines, how- 

 ever, need a great deal of care and must be thoroughly 

 sterilized in order to produce pure milk. 1 This fact, to- 

 gether with the initial cost of the machine, may hinder its 

 rapid introduction. Where the milking machine is used, 

 milking not only loses much of its disagreeable features, 

 but the women are relieved of this part of dairy work. 

 When the milk is separated it is usually done by the men. 

 Steam or other power is sometimes used to run the sep- 

 arator. The skimming of cream and the making of butter 

 on the farm are usually done by the women. 



The necessity for the women to cooperate with the men 

 in agricultural work has a very important influence upon 

 the family and social life in the country. Prof. Thomas 

 Nixon Carver says : 



The geometrical as well as the social conditions of farm life 

 dictate that there shall be an independent household on every 

 farm. No such set of conditions exists in the city. The un- 

 married business man and the unmarried business woman may 

 suffer moral and social loss, but they can scarcely be said to 

 be under the slightest disadvantage in a purely business sense. 

 The farmer needs a wife as a part of his equipment because, 

 on the farm, the home is a part of the business and the busi- 

 ness a part of the home. Accordingly there are in the country, 

 very few of those old unmarried males who infest the business 

 and professional circles of our cities. The sexes need one 

 another in their work as well as in the life of the country. 2 



THE FACTORY SYSTEM BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF THE 



SEPARATOR 



The butter factory, commonly known as the creamery, 

 had its origin in the cheese factory. New York, Pennsyl- 



1 Vide, Bulletin 92, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 

 Animal Industry. 

 J Principles of Rural Economics, p. 23. 



