269] THE PRODUCTIOX OF BUTTER 45 



January 23, 1895, at Lille, Skovgaard, Vejen. The asso- 

 ciation began with 13 members, but by 1909 their number 

 had increased to 24 members. At that time the total num- 

 ber of cows owned by the members was 522, and two men 

 as cow-testers were employed. The movement soon spread 

 all over Europe. In 1909 Denmark had 530 cow-testing 

 associations, Germany had 207, Sweden had 662, Norway 

 had 146, Finland had 99, and in 1907 Holland had 86. 

 The movement spread also to Russia, where there were in 

 the neighborhood of 50 associations in 1909. 



In the United States the first cow-testing association was 

 organized at Fremont, Michigan, September 26, 1905, under 

 the name of the Newaygo County Dairy Testing Associa- 

 tion. The initiative in organizing this association was taken 

 by the office of the Michigan State Dairy and Food De- 

 partment. Thirty-one members joined the association, and 

 regular tests of 239 cows were made during its first year. 

 Since then the movement has grown steadily in the United 

 States. In 1909 there were 32 associations distributed 

 among nine states, as follows : Michigan, 5 ; Maine, 5 ; 

 Wisconsin, 10; Vermont, 5; California, 2; Iowa, 2; Penn- 

 sylvania, 1 ; Ohio, 1 ; Washington, 1. Many more were 

 organized in 1910. By 1912 there were 118 associations. 

 Only 97 of these, however, were active. 1 The Wisconsin 

 Dairymen's Association for over six years has aided the 

 farmers of its state to organize associations. In 1913 Wis- 

 consin had 21 associations with a membership of 560 

 dairymen, and the cows whose milk was tested numbered 

 8,8oo. 2 In New York the total number of associations in 

 19 1 3 was 22. 3 There is a tendency at times among mem- 



1 Agricultural Yearbook for 1912, p. 49. 



2 Hoard's Dairymen, Dec. 9, 1910, p. 610. 



3 Ibid., p. 618. 



