74 THE BUTTER INDUSTRY IN UNITED STATES [298 



During the decade preceding 1909 the number of co- 

 operative establishments increased in all of the principal 

 dairy states except Illinois, which shows a decrease of 2, 

 and Pennsylvania, which shows a decrease of 13. In 1900, 

 60 per cent of the total number of establishments in Min- 

 nesota were organized on the cooperative basis. In 1910 

 this state had 70.8 per cent of its establishments under co- 

 operative ownership. Wisconsin also shows a large in- 

 crease. As shown by the value of products, cooperation is 

 most important in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. In 

 Wisconsin, however, the output of establishments owned 

 by individuals is a little larger than that of cooperative 

 associations. The corporate form of organization has more 

 than doubled in Michigan ; in Washington it has increased 

 by 30; and in New York and Ohio the increase was 13 and 

 11 establishments respectively. In Illinois there was a de- 

 crease of 43 corporate establishments, and in Iowa a de- 

 crease of 129. It is in these states particularly that the 

 large plants known as " centralizers " have developed. 

 They are especially important in Illinois, as is shown by 

 the value of products of the corporate form of ownership. 

 Cooperation in Illinois seems to be overwhelmed by the 

 corporation, but in Iowa it is still the most important form. 

 The corporate form is most numerous in Wisconsin, but its 

 largest output occurs in New York. New York also leads 

 in the number of establishments owned by firms, as well as 

 in the value of products for this form of ownership. Wis- 

 consin leads in both the number of establishments owned 

 by individuals and the value of their products. The ex- 

 pansion of corporations and cooperative associations is 

 going on at the expense of the establishments owned by 

 individuals and by firms, and the struggle for supremacy 

 lies between the corporation and the cooperative associa- 

 tion. The value of products of corporations is already 



