94 THE BUTTER INDUSTRY IN UNITED STATES [318 



and Boston areas. This is due to the fact that around Chi- 

 cago there are not the many suburban towns, scattered vil- 

 lages and small cities that dot the country throughout the 

 eastern states. 



Within the city-milk area there is of course also butter 

 produced. Some of the butter produced, however, is made 

 from surplus milk. The two industries of furnishing 

 fresh milk and cream and producing butter seem to be 

 coupled by most of the milk dealers. This is necessary not 

 only for the purpose of working up the surplus milk that 

 is not absorbed by the urban population at current prices, 

 but also to enable the dealer to draw upon any amount of 

 milk that variations in demand may require. The plan 

 therefore brings flexibility into the supply of milk and ob- 

 viates all losses resulting from sour milk or the inability to 

 utilize by-products. 



The conditions that make it imperative that milk for 

 fresh consumption be produced in near-by regions, are the 

 increasing transportation charge as the distance increases 

 and the effect that time has upon the quality of the milk. 



The transportation charges * of 40-quart milk cans 

 shipped into New York City are as follows : 



Cents per can. 



Up to 40 miles 23 



Between 40 and 100 miles 26 



Between 100 and 200 miles 29 



200 miles and over 3 2 



There is a difference of nine cents a can between the 

 highest and the lowest rates of bottled milk and cream. 

 The difference between the highest and lowest rates for 



1 These rates were in effect in 1905 and were based on a zone system 

 upon the recommendation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. 

 Vide, Bulletin 81, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture. 



