327 ] ORGANIZATION FOR DAIRY EDUCATION IG 3 



demonstrations, movable schools, correspondence courses, 

 and reading courses. These are in mose cases connected 

 with the extension work of the agricultural colleges. In 

 addition to these organized efforts there are state dairy as- 

 sociations and state dairy and food commissioners also 

 largely engaged in the dissemination of facts pertaining to 

 the dairy industry. 



The purposes and aims of these extensive efforts in agri- 

 cultural education may be said to be twofold — the increase 

 of agricultural productivity and the adjustment of the indi- 

 vidual to the agricultural environment. As regards the sub- 

 ject of dairying the educational aims are first and foremost 

 to increase productivity. This field also includes a study 

 of the markets. Another important phase is sanitation. 

 Dairy products must promote the public health. Much at- 

 tention is also given in agricultural colleges to training the 

 individual in the practical work of butter and cheese manu- 

 facture and the production and handling of milk for fresh 

 consumption. The ends sought in this dairy education are 

 social betterment in its widest meaning and the adjustment 

 of the individual to the dairy industry. 



THE LAND-GRANT COLLEGES 



Through the efforts of Justin Smith Morrill, whose 32 

 years of service as Senator from Vermont won for him the 

 title of " father of the United States Senate ", a bill pro- 

 viding for the establishment of agricultural colleges after 

 having been vetoed by the president, passed both houses 

 of Congress for the second time and became a law with the 

 president's approval, July 2, 1862. 



Joint federal and state legislative action was necessary to 

 carry out the ends and purposes of the bill. The federal 

 government apportioned 30 thousand acres of public land 

 for each senator and representative in Congress among the 



