II2 THE BUTTER INDUSTRY IN UNITED STATES [336 



type was 24,725 miles. 1 The railroads are interested in 

 increasing their freight revenue and find it profitable to ad- 

 vocate the raising of hogs, the establishment of creameries, 

 the adoption of the best methods in growing corn, wheat, 

 etc. 



Demonstration work is usually carried on by the exten- 

 sion departments of the agricultural colleges. Places are 

 selected and widely advertised. The most frequent demon- 

 stration pertaining to dairying that is made, is the testing 

 of the farmer's milk for butter fat. The purpose of this 

 of course is to show him whether or not his cows are profit- 

 able. Tuberculin tests are made and live-stock is judged. 

 Demonstrations of a general character include spraying, 

 pruning, packing, cooking of foods, killing of insects and 

 animals, etc. ' Thus saying crystallizes into doing, pro- 

 cesses into results, and hazy impressions into clear convic- 

 tions. Slowly, even imperceptibly, as the results of one or 

 more successful demonstrations, the farmers of a commu- 

 nity come to realize that science has a message for them, 

 and that the teaching of agriculture can interpret that mes- 

 sage and show its applications to the farmer." 2 



Perhaps the most fruitful institution yet established to 

 educate the practical farmer is the movable school. This 

 school, like the demonstration work is conducted by the ex- 

 tension departments of the colleges of agriculture. The 

 movable school is an innovation in popular agricultural edu- 

 cation. In 19 1 3, movable schools were conducted in 13 

 different states, and altogether 187 schools were held dur- 

 ing the year. The average length of the school was five 

 days. 3 Farmers of all ages are invited to register. Atten- 



1 Bulletin 83, U. S. Department of Agriculture, p. 30. 



2 W. C. Latta in Bulletin 251, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture, p. 23. 



8 Bulletin 83, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



