I2 8 THE BUTTER INDUSTRY IN UNITED STATES [352 



springs and streams, was conducive to the production of 

 good milk, and provided ready means for cooling and set- 

 ting it, as well as for the preservation of the finished pro- 

 duct. Some of these advantages were absent in New York 

 State. But here too we find that the market recognized a 

 quality that was no longer limited to the boundary lines of 

 Orange County, but was made co-extensive with the whole 

 state. In addition to economic pressure, the development 

 of this state-wide uniformity in the quality of butter was 

 unquestionably hurried along by the persistent agitation for 

 scientific methods by agricultural societies 1 and later by 

 the state dairy associations. The present dairy association 

 of Vermont 2 has had a continuous history since 1869, and 

 that of New York State since 1877. 



As late as 1870 the name of Orange County was fre- 

 quently applied to all butter coming from the southern tier 

 of the counties of New York State. 3 But for some time 

 before this butter from this territory was also generally 

 spoken of as New York State in contrast with Western, 

 which at first specified butter from the "Western Reserve", 4 

 or from the region principally covered by the state of Ohio. 

 The following statement 5 of prices illustrates not only the 

 fact that the trade classified the butter coming into the 

 New York market on the basis of wide geographical pro- 

 ducing areas, but it also shows that the basis at this time 

 was not altogether an arbitrary one; for the quality was 

 probably fairly well reflected in the prices, which show 

 quite a difference : 



1 Transactions of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 1845, p. 59. 

 * Bureau of Animal Industry, Circular No. 204. 



J Essay by O. S. Bliss in Vermont Dairy Association Report for 1870. 

 4 This is a small section of northeastern Ohio ceded to the State by 

 Connecticut in 1800. Vide, W. R. Shepherd's Historical Atlas, p. 196. 

 6 New York Chamber of Commerce Report for 1873, p. 223. 



