I9 THE BUTTER INDUSTRY IN UNITED STATES [4:4 



ing to the table is $0.0258. This is considerably less than 

 the margin of the first creameries. For instance, in 1880, 

 the cooperative creamery at Hatfield, Me., made a contract 

 with the operator to make butter for the succeeding year at 

 3^2 cents per pound. The maker paid all expenses, includ- 

 ing interest on stock. 1 The introduction of improved ma- 



TABLE XVIII 



Amount and Per Cent of Items Composing the Average Retail Prices 



of Butter in the 3 Junes and 3 Decembers, 1904, 1910, 



and 191 1, Combined 



Average for 1904, 1910, and 191 1 



Item 



Price received by farmer 



Creamery margin 



Freight charges 



Cartage charges 



Wholesale receiver's margin 



Retailer's margin 



Price paid by consumer 



Total margin between consumer 

 and farmer 



.0895 



30.3 



December 



Amount Per cent 



1.2785 

 .0298 

 .0073 

 .0003 

 .0169 

 .0463 

 •3791 



.1006 



73-5 



7-9 



1-9 



.1 



4.4 



12.2 



1 00.0 



26.5 



(From Bulletin 164, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor.) 



chinery and scientific methods and the increase of the over- 

 run, made it possible to manufacture at lower cost, and the 

 keen competition in the dairy industry has narrowed the 

 creamery margin, so that the share of the small creamery 

 is probably only little more than the cost of production. 

 The table does not show any margin for the jobber who 



1 Report of Board of Agriculture of Maine for 1881, p. 16. 



