443] ADULTERATION AND OLEOMARGARINE 219 



Manufacturing Company which began the manufacture of 

 " oleo-margarin ". 1 According to the census there were 15 

 establishments manufacturing the product in the United 

 States in 1880. In 1890 there were only 12. The de- 

 crease was partly due to the federal law passed in 1886 

 which required that a tax be paid on the quantity produced 

 and that a special annual tax be paid by the manufacturer 

 and dealer. This probably had the effect of causing some 

 producers to close their factories. 2 By 1900, there were 

 24 establishments, and in 1914 there were 30. 3 



The manufacture of oleomargarine spread all over 

 Europe, including Russia. Its production created one of 

 the most difficult social problems that society has ever been 

 called upon to regulate. European countries as well as the 

 United States enacted either special laws relating to oleo- 

 margarine or general food laws under which the oleomar- 

 garine frauds could be prosecuted. 4 



MANUFACTURE OF OLEOMARGARINE 5 



Since M. Mege first manufactured oleomargarine many 

 variations in the process have been worked out. The only 

 fat constituent other than that contained in the milk that 

 he used was the oleo oil rendered from beef tissue. In the 

 oleomargarine now made oleo oil forms a much smaller 

 part of the product. Neutral lard is added in large quanti- 

 ties and in the cheaper grades more cotton-seed oil is added 



1 First Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture, 

 1878, p. 200. 



2 The Census Bureau is not sure that the statistics for oleomargarine 

 were separately reported in all cases. 



1 Report of U. S. Internal Revenue Commissioner for 1914, p. 209. 

 * Vide, Report of U. S. Internal Revenue Commissioner for 18S8, p. 

 clxxxviii. 

 5 Vide, Census 1900, vol. ix, pp. 521-4. 



