455] ADULTERATION AND OLEOMARGARINE 23 1 



misrepresentation or greater or less deceit." l Congress 

 first legislated on renovated butter in 1902. 



The usual method for adulterating butter is by the addi- 

 tion of too much water, although lard, or other foreign fats 

 and corn starch have also been used. In the Act of Con- 

 gress of May 9, 1902, adulterated butter and renovated or 

 process butter are defined as follows : 



That " adulterated butter " is hereby defined to mean a grade 

 of butter produced by mixing, reworking, rechurning in milk 

 or cream, refining, or in any way producing a uniform, purified 

 or improved product from different lots or parcels of melted or 

 unmelted butter or butter fat, in which any acid, alkali, chemi- 

 cal, or any substance whatever is introduced or used for the 

 purpose or with the effect of deodorizing or removing there- 

 from rancidity, or any butter or butter fat with which there 

 is mixed any substance foreign to butter as herein defined, 

 with intent or effect of cheapening in cost the product or any 

 butter in the manufacture or manipulation of which any pro- 

 cess or material is used with intent or effect of causing the 

 absorption of abnormal quantities of water, milk, or cream ; 

 that " process butter " or " renovated butter " is hereby defined 

 to mean butter which has been subjected to any process by 

 which it is melted, clarified, or refined, and made to resemble 

 genuine butter, always excepting " adulterated butter " as de- 

 fined by this Act. 



As defined in this Act, renovated butter is butter made 

 through the usual renovating process, but without the use of 

 any acid, alkali, chemical or any substance whatever. If these 

 substances are employed in the renovating process the pro- 

 duct is classed as adulterated butter. If butter, renovated 

 butter included, contains abnormal quantities of moisture 

 it is also classed as adulterated butter. The Act of 1902 



". ' Pages 20-1. 



