NATURE 



[March 4, 1920 



Another difficult point on which much light is 

 thrown concerns the influence of attention upon 

 feeling. At first individual differences were dis- 

 covered which corresponded to the opposing views 

 that have been held on this subject. It was found, 

 however, that these differences resulted merely 

 from a difference of attitude. " If a feeling- 

 element is attended to as belonging to a cognitive 

 content or as part of a situation or complex, it is 

 intensified and becomes clearer; but if an attempt 

 be made to focus the attention upon it to the 

 exclusion of its cognitive concomitant, the feeling- 

 element is destroyed." On the other hand, the 

 feeling-element is also destroyed, or at least weak- 

 ened, if attention is directed exclusively to the 

 purely cognitive aspects of an experience. 



Many of these results and of the others which 

 we have no room to mention here have a practical 

 as well as a theoretical interest, and the author 

 anticipates^iiat, as a result of the further study 

 of the feelings, we shall be able to formulate 

 canons in order to increase pleasure and reduce 

 unpleasure, to evolve, in fact, a normative science 

 of kalobiotics. 



The book contains little or no theory, confining 

 itself almost entirely to an elaborate statement 

 and discussion of the experimental results. As 

 such it makes, perhaps, a greater demand on the 

 reader's powers of concentration and endurance 

 than is the case with most of the works that have 

 hitherto appeared on this subject. Nevertheless, 

 it constitutes fairly certainly the most complete 

 and satisfactory study of feeling from its own 

 point of view, and is one of the most important 

 existing scientific contributions to this aspect of 

 psychology. 



Radiological Diagnosis of Disease. 



Radio-Diagnosis of Pleuro -Pulmonary Affections. 

 By F. Barjon. Translated by Dr. James A. 

 Honeij. Pp. xix+183. (New Haven: Yale Uni- 

 versity Press ; London : Humphrey Milford ; 

 Oxford University Press, 1918.) Price 105. 6d. 

 net. 



THE author points out that the perfecting of 

 the instruments used in radiological exam- 

 inations has changed a process regarded at first as 

 a mere curiosity into a useful scientific and practi- 

 cal method. Radiology has gradually extended its 

 province in an extraordinary manner. It has 

 entered the physiological and pathological study 

 of all the important organs. In lesions of the lungs 

 arid pleura the radiologist can determine the topo- 

 graphy of the trouble in a manner aptly called by 

 Claude Bernard "a living autopsy." No other 

 snethod of exploration demonstrates so clearly and 

 NO. 2627, VOL. 105] 



simply the functions of the heart and lungs. It 

 shows, without the cardiograph, the pulsations of 

 the auricles and ventricles and the aorta. It esti- 

 mates, without the spirometer, the respiratory 

 value of the lungs, and shows the movements of 

 the diaphragm, the intercostal spaces, and the 

 displacement of the mediastinum in inspiration and 

 expiration. 



The author shows that the radiological method 

 should not be used alone, but always in conjunc- 

 tion with other methods. "The radiologist must 

 be a physician. The interpretation of X-ray 

 results demands a very accurate knowledge of 

 anatomy, physiology, and pathology." Con- 

 versely, it is well also for the physician to be, in 

 a less degree, a radiologist. 



The book contains a very full and complete 

 account of the radiological appearances of the dis- 

 eases of the lungs and pleura, with many valuable 

 hints to help the observer from falling into errors 

 of diagnosis. The subject of pulmonary tuber- 

 culosis is discussed in full detail. The perusal of 

 this section leaves no room for doubt as to the 

 extreme importance of the X-ray method in the 

 diagnosis of this disease. Even in the early stages 

 the exact position of the lesion is clearly shown, 

 and its extent revealed- The progress of treat- 

 ment, also, can be followed ; in successful cases 

 the gradual clearing of the affected portions of the 

 lungs can be studied. 



The last part of the book deals with penetrating 

 wounds of the thorax by war projectiles. It shows 

 how the nature of the projectile is to be recognised, 

 how its exact situation within the thorax is to be 

 localised, and how the radiologist may aid in 

 deciding whether operative interference is advis- 

 able or urgently needed. 



The book is printed in good type, and profusely 

 illustrated by diagrams in the text and by half- 

 tone reproductions of X-ray prints and negatives 

 in plates printed on art paper. 



The Manufacture of Artificial Fertilisers. 



Mining and Manufacture of Fertilising Materials, 

 and their Relation to Soils. By Strauss L. 

 Lloyd. Pp. vi-fi53. (New York: D. Van 

 Nostrand Co. ; London : Crosby Lockwood and 

 Son, 1919.) Price 95. net. 



THERE is at present no good book in English 

 on the manufacture of artificial fertilisers, 

 but there is ample room for one. Mr. Lloyd does 

 not quite supply the need. He evidently knows 

 something about the mining and working of 

 Florida phosphate rock and the making of super- 

 phosphate, but instead of giving a clear descrip- 

 tion of all this, illustrated by diagrams, he occupies 



