3i6 



NATURE 



[May 6, 1920 



Chemical Society, at 8.— G. M. Beinelt: The Mustard Gas Problem.— 

 C. K. Ini^old: A. New Metho 1 of Preparing Muconic Acid.— J. W. 

 Cook and O. L. Brady: The Dinitration of >»-Acetotoluidide.— Y. 

 Venkataramayya and M. V. Narasim'iaswamy : A New Ozoniser. — 

 G. T. Morgan and H. D. K. Drew : Orthochlorodinitrotolusnes. Part I. 



Society •or Antiquaries, -at 8.30. 



FRIDAY, May 7. 



Iron and Steel Institute (at Institution of Civil Engineers) (General 

 Meeting), at loa.m.— C. A. Ablett : Direct Current compared with Three- 

 Phase Current for Hriving Steel Works Plant.— J. K. Wilson: Notes on 

 Slag Conditions in Open-hearth Basic S eelmaking Practice. — B. Yaneske 

 and (i. A. Wood: The Reduction of Silicon from the Slag in the Acid 

 Open-hearth Process.— At 2.30. — W. E Hughes: Some Defects in Klectro- 

 depositrrd Iron.— T. Baker and I'. K. Russell : Note on the Ball Test.— 

 J. H.Whiteley : TOe Distribution of Phosphoru-; in Steel between Poinis 

 Act and AC3.— G. F. Preston : Practical Notes on the Design and 

 Treatment of Steel Castings. 



Royal S >ciety of Medicine (Laryngology Section), at 4.45. — Annual 

 General Meeting. 



Royal Astkonomical Society (Geophysical Discussion), at 5.— Prof. 

 R. A. Sampson and Others : The Use of Wireless Telegraphy in the Deter- 

 mination of Longitude. 



China Societi^ (at School of Oriental Studies), at 5.30.— G. S. Boulger : 

 The History of Silk. 



Junior Institotio.v op Engineers, at 7.30. — J. G. McBryde : 

 Pulverised Fuel. 



Philological Society (at University College), at 8.— Anniversary. 



Royal Institution of Great Britain, at 9. — Lord Rayleigh : The 

 Blue Sky and the Optical Properties of Air. 



SATURDAY, May 8. 

 Royal Institution of Great Britain, at 3.— Dr. F. Chaniberlin : The 



Private Character of Queen Elizabeth. 

 British Psychological Society (at Bedford College), at 3.30.— Dr. E. W. 



Scripture: Speech Inscriptions in Normal and Abnormal Co.idiiions.— 



A. Klein : Camjuflaie in Land Warfare. 



MONDAY, May 10. 

 Royal Geographical SociETY'(at Lowiher Lodge, Kensington Gore), 



at 5. — G. Dobson : Instruments for the Navigation of Aircraft. 

 Biochemical Society (at Chemical Department, St. Bartholomew's 



Hospital), at 5.39. — T. S. Hele : The Synthesis of Mercapturic Acids 



ill the Dog. — R. L. Mackenzie Wallis and H. E. Archer : Improved 



Methods of Analysis of the Gastric Juice. — G. Graham: The Source of 



the Uric Acid Kxcreted in the Urine after Atophan. 

 Royal SociF-rv of Medicine (War Section), at 5.30. — Annual General 



Meeting. — Surg.-Capt. Bassett-Smith : Scurvy, with Special Reference 



to Prophyl ixis in the Royal Navy. 

 Aristotelian Society (at 74 Grosvenor Street), at 8. — Prof. H. Wildon 



Carr and Others : Discussion on Bergson's " Mind-Energy." 

 Royal Society of Arts, at 8.— A. T. Bolton : The Decoration and 



Architecture of Robert Alam and Sir John Soane, 1758-1837 (Cantor 



Lecture). 

 Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Graduates' Association), at 8. 



— E. B. W. Maitland : Chemistry as applied to B.>ilers. 

 Medical Scciktv of London (General Meeting), at 8. — At 9. — Sir D'Arcy 



Power : Rev. John Ward and Med cine (Annual Oration). 

 Surveyors' Institu riON, at 8.— S. A. Smith : Rent Problems. 



TUESDAY, May 11. 

 Royal Horticultural Society, at 3. — Sir Daniel Morris : The Use and 



Relative Value of Trees in Great Britain. 

 Royal Institution of Great Britain, at 3. — Prof. A. Keith: British 



Ethnology: The Invaders of En;;land. 

 Zoological Society of London, at 5.30. — Dr. W. J. Dakin : Fauna 



of Western Australia. IH. Further Contributions to the Study of the 



Onychophora. — C. Forster-Cooper : Chalicotheroideafrom Baluchistan. — 



Dr. W. T. Caiman : Notes on Marine Wood-boring Animals. I. The 



Shipwonns (Teredinidse) 

 Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, at 7 —Prof. A. 



Findlay : Some Properties of Colloidal Matter and their .Applications in 



Photography (Second Biennial Hurter and Driffield Memorial Lecture). 

 ■Qoeket r Microscopical Club (at 20 Hanover Square), at 7 30. 

 Illuminating Engineering Socie rv (at Royal Society of Arts), at 8 15.— 



Annual Meeting. — Capt. J. W. Barber : Recent Devel >pments in 



Portable Types of Cinema Outfits. 



WEDNESDAY, May 12. 

 Royal Society of Arts, at 4.30. —G. Hewitt: Rolls of Homur. 

 Royal Aeronautical Society (at Royal Society of Arts), at 8. — Major 



L. Hope: Some Notes on Flying-boats. 

 British Psychological Socikty (Education Section) (at I^ondon Day 



Training College), at 8.— H. Gordon : Left-handedness and Mental 



Deficiency. 



THURSDAY, May 13. 

 Royal Institution of Great Britain, at 3.— A. P. Graves : Welsh 



and Irish Folk Song. 

 Royal Society, at 4.— Election of YeWovii.— Probable Papers.— "Dr. 



A. D. Waller: Demonstration of the Apparent "Growth" of Plants 



tand of Inanimate Materials) and of their Apparent "Contractility."— 



W. N. F. Woodland: The "Renal Portal" System (Renal Venous 



Meshwork) and Kidney Excretion in Vertebrata. 

 London Mathkmatical Society, at 5. 

 Institution of Electrical Engineers (at Institution of Civil 



Engineers), at 6.— S. EversheJ : Permanent Magnets in Theory and 



Practi-e. 

 Optical Sociktv, at 7.30. 

 Institutiov of Auto.mobile Enginehrs (Graduates' Sectioii) (at 28 



Victoria Si reet). at 8.— W. E. Benbow : The Chemical and Physical 



Properties of Iron and Steel. 

 Royal Society of Medicine (Neurology Section), at 8.30. — Annual 



General Meeting. -Dr. S. A. K. Wilson: Decerebrate Rigidity in Man, 



and the Occurrence of Tonic Fits. 



FRIDAY, May 14. 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5. 



Royal Society of Medicine (Clinical Section), at 5. — Annual General 

 Meeting. 



Physical Society of London, at 5 —Dr. F. Lloyd Hopwood : Demon- 

 stration of Experiments on the Thermionic Properties o' Hot 

 Filaments.— G. D. We t : A Modified Theory of the Crookes Radiometer.— 

 A. Campbell: The Magnetic Properties of Silii-on'-Iron (Stalloy) in 

 Alternafng Fields of Low Value — T. Smith : Tracing Rays through 

 an Optical System. 



Malacological Society of London (at Linnean Society), at 6. 



Institution OK Electrical Engineers (Students' Meetinw) (at King's 

 College), at 7. — E. G. Humfress : Electrical Mo'or 'ontrol Devices. — 

 The Meeting will be preceded by the Annual General Meeting. 



Royal Institution of Great Britain, at 9. — Prof. Karl Pearson: 

 Sidelights on the Evolution of Man. 



SATURDAY, May 15. 



Royal In.stitution of Great Britain, at 3. — Frederic Harrison: 

 A Philosophical Synthesis as proposed by Auguste Comte. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The Cost of Scientific Publications 285 



Useful Pnysiology. By A. E. 8 286 



Service Chemistry. By Sir T. E. Thorpe, C.B., 



F.R.S 287 



Euclid's Elements. By G. B. M 288 



The Earliest Flint Implements 289 



The Heat Treatment of Cast Iron 290 



Our Bookshelf . 290 



Letters to the Editor:— 



Organisation of Scientific Work. — Sir Leonard 



Kogers, F.R.S 292 



The Small Islands of Almcst-Atolls.— Prof. W. M. 



Dav s 292 



Scientific Apparatus from Abroad. —Prof. W. M. 



Bayliss, K.R.S 293 



The Cost of Laboratory Fittings.— Alan E. Munby 294 

 The Standard of Atomic Weights —Dr. Stephen 



Miall 294 



The Mole Cricket. {Illustrated,)— ¥. V. D 294 



The Op ophone : An Instrument for Reading by 



Ear. (Illustrated.) By Dr. E. E. Fournier d'Albe 295 

 The Kalahari and Ovamboland. (Illustrated.) By 



Prof. E. H. L. Schwarz 297 



The Royal Academy. By J. S. D 300 



Obituary :— 



Capt. E. W. Creak, C.B., F.R.S. By T. H. T. 300 

 Sir Edmund Giles Loder, Batt. By Right Hon. 



Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bait., F.R.S 301 



Prof. Wilhelm Pfeffer, For.Mem.R.S. By 



V. H. B 302 



Notes . ... 303 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



The Lunar Eclipse 3°? 



The Nature of Photographic Images • 307 



The Bhiary Kiueger fio 3^7 



Leonardo da Vinci. By Edward McCurdy .... 307 



Public bupport of Scientific Research 309 



American Agricultural Research. By W. E. B. . . 310 



Canadian Water-Power Development 311 



The Solar Eclipse of May, 1919 311 



The Manufacture of Synthetic Ammonia and Pro- 

 duction of Nitrates 312 



New Ordnance Survey Maps 312 



University and Educational Intelligence 312 



Societies and Academies 3'3 



Books Received 3 '5 



Diary of Societies 3'5 



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Advertisements and business letters to be addressed to the 

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Editorial Communications to the Editor. 

 Telegraphic Address : Phusis, London. 

 Telephone Number : Gerrard 8830. 



NO. 2636, VOL. 105] 



