Mr. E. J. Miers on Arctic Crustacea. 55 



Of actual novelties not many were obtained during tlie 

 expedition, A marked variety (which may prove to be a dis- 

 tinct species, although I do not consider it as such) of Arc- 

 turns haffinij a new species of parasitic Copepoda of the genus 

 Lernceopoda^ occurring upon the gills of the new Charr de- 

 scribed by Dr. Giinther under the name of Sahno arcturus^ 

 and a variety of the well-known Nymphon hirtum^ complete 

 the list. 



One of the most interesting species obtained is the extraor- 

 dinary Isopod, Munnopsis typica^ Sars, originally discovered 

 at great depths in the fjords of Norway and at the Lofoten 

 Islands, and since obtained at a depth of 100 fathoms in Davis 

 Straits, during the cruise of the ' Valorous.' Of this species 

 several specimens were obtained off Capes Fraser and Napo- 

 leon at 20-50 fathoms. CetocMlus septentrionalis^ which was 

 collected abundantly south of Smith Sound, was not found 

 north of the entrance to that channel ; but specimens of a 

 delicate species of Phyllopoda, which I refer to the BrancM- 

 necta arctica of Verrill, were collected by Mr. Hart in a small 

 freshwater lake and in a stream under ice so far to the northward 

 as Discovery Bay. 



Geographical Distribution. — This has been already dis- 

 cussed in some detail by Buchholz (?. c). The Crustacean 

 fauna of Greenland, Spitzbergen, and the Scandinavian penin- 

 sula has been so thoroughly elucidated of recent years, 

 through the labours of the Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian 

 naturalists, that it is not surprising that a large proportion of 

 the Arctic species (including, as will be seen from the follow- 

 ing Table, nearly all collected by the British expedition) 

 should have been recorded from these localities. Compara- 

 tively few Arctic species inhabit the North British seas ; nor 

 is it probable that their number will be greatly increased, the 

 Crustacea of the Shetlands having been carefully investigated 

 by the Rev, A. M. Norman, in his recently published report 

 on the dredging-operations carried on in these islands, and 

 that of the coast of Scotland generally by the researches of 

 local naturalists. 



For our knowledge of the Crustacea inhabiting the coasts 

 and islands of Arctic America, we have for data only the re- 

 ports appended to the earlier British voyages to the Arctic 

 regions, and for those of North-eastern Asia, Brandt's account 

 of the Crustacea in Middendorff's '■ Sibirische Reise,' vol. ii. 

 While a large number of the species inhabiting the northern 

 seas of Europe and Eastern America are probably restricted 

 in their range to the North-Atlantic basin, I believe, when 

 the Crustacea of the north coasts of America and Asia become 

 better knoAvn it will be found that the hardier species, which 



