452 Prof. P. M. Duncan and Mr. W. P. Sladen.o?^ 



fudcola^ from Assistance Bay (Capt. Penny's voyage), and 

 by Stimpson from Grand Manan in the Bay of Fundy. It is 

 found also on the coast of Massachusetts, Gulf of Georgia 

 (Salenka), San Francisco (Ayres), along the whole Scandi- 

 navian coast, Iceland, Fgeroe Islands, and in the English 

 Channel. 



C. frondosa attains great dimensions, the present indivi- 

 dual (one specimen only was obtained) being but small ; its 

 length is 80 millims., and diameter about 50 millims. 



ECHINOIDEA, 



Strongylocentrotus drohacMensis (Miiller), A. Ag. 



Echinus drobachiensis, O. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 235. 



E. sexatilis, Fabricius, Fauna Groul. p. .368 (non Miiller). 



E. neglectus, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. iii. p. 49. 



E. stihangularis, Fleming, Brit. An. p. 479 (non Leske). 



E. granularis, Say, Journ. A. N. S. Philad. v. p. 225 (non Lamarck). 



E. c/ramdatiis, Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass. 



Strongylocentrotus chlorocentrotus, Brandt, Prodr. p. 264. 



Toxopneustes drdbachiensis, Agassiz, Cat. rais., Ann. Sc. N. vi. p. 367. 



T. neglectus, id. ibid. 



T. gramdatus, id. ibid. 



T. Diihenii, id. ibid. 



Echinometra drohacMensis, Gray, Brit. Rad. p. 4. 



Echinus cMoroticus, Stimpson, Crust. & Echin. Pacif. Sh. p. 86. 



Etiri/echinus drobachiensis, Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. pp. 341, 



352. 

 E. gramdatus, Veriill, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. x. pp. 340, 352. 

 Toxopneustes carnosus, Barn, in Agassiz, Proc. A. N. S. Philad. 1863, 



p. 357. 

 T. jnctus, Norman, Dredg. Rep. Hebr. p. 314. 

 T. pallidus, Sars, Nye Echin., Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1871. 

 Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis, A. Agassiz, Rev. Echini, pp. 162, 277. 



Coll. Feilden : Richardson Bay, 70 fms. (young) ; Franklin- 

 Pierce Bay, 15 fms., bottom-temperature 29°*5 F. ; Cape 

 Napoleon; Hayes Point, 35 fms., bottom-temperature 29°'5 F. 



Coll. Hart : Discovery Bay, 15-20 fms., muddy bottom ; 

 Franklin-Pierce Bay, 13-15 fms., stony. 



Owing to the extensive range of this boreal echinoid, the 

 variations to which it is subject are so great that there are 

 perhaps few other species which include in tlieir synonymy 

 so large a number of modern determinations. Distant observers, 

 depending upon the stability of "local forms," have founded 

 numerous so-called new species, all of which have hitherto, 

 however, proved untenable when due comparison has come to 

 be made with a large series of specimens. 



The northern varieties, known as S. granulatus (Say), 

 Gould, and 8. chlorocentrotus, Brandt, fail to present any 



