284 Mr. H. J. Carter on known Fossil Sponges. 
Salterton, Devon); but beyond this nothing identifiable with 
the sponge-structure of this family. 
Nor have I ever found any remains of the (equally corneous) 
ECHINONEMATA, in which the echinated fibre, if well 
preserved, could hardly pass unrecognized. That of Dirrho- 
palum (Plocamia), to which Dr. Hinde has alluded in his 
Monactinellide (Cat. Foss. Spong. Brit. Mus. p. 20), and 
which I had placed in my order ECHINONEMATA, requires 
further investigation, as Dr. Hinde himself has intimated, 
before this can be confirmed. 
But when we come to my HOLORHAPHIDOTA (Order VI.) 
we do see that accumulations of Monaxonid spicules have 
been found heaped together as well as in separate spicules— 
e.g. Pulvillus Thomsoni, Crtr., from the Carboniterous of 
Dumfries in Scotland (‘ Annals,’ 1878, vol. i. p. 137, pl. x. 
figs. 1-6), also Rhaphidhistia vermiculata, Crtr., from the 
Carboniferous of Ayrshire (7b. 7b. p. 140), which has been 
described by Dr. Hinde under the name of “/apliston vermicu- 
latum” (Paleont. Society’s Publ. vol. for 1887, U. c.), Clima- 
cospongia radiata, Hinde (Cat. Foss. Spong. Brit. Mus. p. 18, 
pl. i. figs. 1, 1 a), Lastocladia compressa (cb. p. 19, pl. i. fig. 2), 
and Acanthorhaphis intertextus (ib. p. 20, pl. 1. tigs. 8, 3a); 
to which may be added Zittel’s two species of his Scolio- 
rhaphis from the Upper Cretaceous of North Germany (Foss. 
Sponges, Abhandl. der k. bayer. Akad. d. Wiss. i, C. xiii. 
Bd. ii. pp. 94, 95, Taf. xii. figs. 1 a, b, and 2). 
The layer of pin-like spicules discovered by Dr. Harvey B. 
Holl on the surface of the Calcisponge Verticillites helvetica, 
de L. (f Annals,’ 1884, vol. xiv. p. 27, pl. i. figs. 6-10), 
appears to me to have consisted of those of a parasitic species 
ot Suberite, of which there are many existing instances on other 
sponges. ‘I'he boring sponge, Clzona, whose existing species 
are chiefly characterized by a pin-like spicule, has also been 
recognized in several cases more by the peculiar form of its 
excavations in fossilized casts than by that of the spicule, which 
has not been described if ever seen. 
We next come to the third and fourth families of my Hoto- 
RHAPHIDOTA, viz. the Pachytragida and Pachastrellida, now 
called “ Tetractinellida,” ot which the only entire specimen 
among the three groups of the former that has been described is 
that of a Stelletta,viz. 8. inclusa, Hinde,which, as it occurs in the 
interior of a flint, is easily recognized by being unaccompanied 
by the coating of siliceous spheroids which chietly separates that 
genus from Greodia (Cat. Foss. Spong. Brit. Mus. p. 24, pl.i. 
tigs. 6, 6a) ; while in the first division of the latter, viz. the 
Pachastrellina (group 17), four specimens have been described, 
