Early Life-history of the Herring. 371 
chromatophores on each side a little in front of and above the 
vent. Stellate chromatophores are also developed above the 
posterior end of the notochord, and more abundantly below it. 
Still in midwater the young herrings appeared next on May 16, 
1887, and May 22, 1889, about # inch long; the embryonic 
fin was now entirely lost. Then they were lost sight of till 
July 20 *, when the length was 14 inch. They have now 
something of the appearance of the adult. The gill-cover is 
developed ; the caudal and dorsal fins are in the adult con- 
dition, and pelvic and anal fins have appeared. The dorsal 
fin is immediately anterior to the anus. The body is trans- 
parent and scales are absent. The early pigmentation is 
faint and additional black pigment is appearing at the bases 
of the dorsal fin-rays, along the back behind the dorsal fin, 
on the caudal fin, sparingly on the gill-eover, and in the pia 
mater of the cerebellum. 
The herring now seems to desert the deep water for the 
neighbourhood of the shore, being taken in August in the 
seine-net on the sands in company with sprats and sand-eels 
(Ammodytes tobianus). It also probably roves about the 
bay in the same company, forming the “ herring sile”’ known 
to fishermen and offering great attractions to guillemots and 
sea-gulls. It is now 14 inch long; the dorsal pigment ex- 
tends forward to the head, the lateral line is pigmented, and 
the pigment of the head and tail is more profuse. 
In September the young herring is still on the sands (fig. 3), 
14 to 1? inch long; the body is still transparent and scale- 
less, the silvery pigment of the peritoneum is visible. The 
early pigmentation is almost lost; pigment-dots mark the 
divisions of the myomeres dorsal to the lateral line. The 
sides of the body and operculum gleam with a silvery green ; 
the dorsal surface of the head is blotched with yellow, the 
upper and lower jaws are black, and the pigmentation of the 
pia mater forms two well-marked pyriform patches over the 
cerebellum. 
In January the young herring is found again in midwater 
* Prof. M‘Intosh and Mr. Prince mention a herring 17; inch taken on 
the Ist July (op. cit.). 
