318 APPENDIX A. 



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tains' and Lieutenants' Commissions, (of which I have a number now by 

 me,) with sterling pay, to induce them to desert me, but to Uttle purpose, 

 for tho' many of them received the Commissions, accompanied witli large 

 sums of money, they did not comply with the end proposed, but served with 

 me ; and this had not only served them with severe complaints against 

 the English, as they were not afterwards all paid what had been promised, 

 but has established a spirit of pride and avarice, which I have found it 

 ever since impossible to subdue ; whilst our extensive connections since the 

 reduction of Canada, with so many powerful nations so long accustomed to 

 partake largely of French bounty, has of course increased the expense, 

 and rendered it in no small degree necessary for the preservation of our 

 frontiers, outposts, and trade. . . . 



Extract from a Letter — Cadwallader Colden to the Earl of Halifax, 

 December 22, 1763 : — 



Before I proceed further, I think it proper to inform your Lordship of 

 the different state of the Policy of the Five Nations in different periods 

 of time. Before the peace of Utrecht, the Five Nations were at war 

 with the French in Canada, and with all the Indian Nations who were in 

 friendship with the French. This put the Five Nations under a necessity 

 of depending on this province for a supply of every thing by which they 

 could carry on the war or defend themselves, and their behavior towards 

 us was accordingly. 



After the peace of Utrecht, the French changed their measures. 

 They took every method in their power to gain the friendship of the 

 Five Nations, and succeeded so far with the Senecas, who are by far the 

 most numerous, and at the greatest distance from us, that they were 

 entirely brought over to the French interest. The French obtained the 

 consent of the Senecas to the building of the Fort at Niagara, situated in 

 their country. 



When the French had too evidently, before the last war, got the 

 ascendant among all the Indian Nations, we endeavored to make the 

 Indians jealous of the French power, that they were thereby in danger 

 of becoming slaves to the French, unless they were protected by the 

 En£flish. . . . 



