CYANAMID — manufacture:, CHEMISTRY AND USES 3 



contains about 30 per cent, sodium cyanide, and is known as a 

 "surrogate." It is suitable for use directly for the extraction 

 of gold ores. 



Agricultural experiments with the crude calcium cyanamide 

 showed that this material is suitable for use as a nitrogenous 

 fertilizer, and patents were issued in 1910 to Dr. Albert R. 

 Frank, son of Prof. Adolph Frank, and to Herman Freuden- 

 berg, a co-worker of A. R. Frank, protecting the use of 

 Cyanamid for this purpose. The basic patent protecting the 

 process of manufacture of Cyanamid was issued to Prof. 

 Adolph Frank and Dr. Nicodem Caro in 1908. 



The large demands of agriculture for cheap nitrogenous 

 fertilizer materials have directed the efforts of the manu- 

 facturers toward the production of Cyanamid rather than of 

 cyanides and other derivatives. At present, the total output 

 of sodium cyanide derived from Cyanamid is only about 2,000 

 tons per annum, all made in Germany, while the world's pro- 

 duction of Cyanamid is estimated at about 120,000 tons per 

 annum. The factory of the American Cyanamid Company, 

 at Niagara Falls, Canada, now has a capacity of 30,000 tons 

 per annum, and extensions now under way will increase this to 

 60,000 tons per annum. There are thirteen Cyanamid factories 

 abroad, located in Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, 

 Austria, Norway, Sweden and Japan. 



NOMENCLATURE OF CYANAMID INDUSTRY. 



With the development of the Cyanamid industry there has 

 grown up a nomenclature that is often confusing to the un- 

 initiated. The terms here defined will be understood to have 

 the following meanings throughout this treatise: 



Lime -nitrogen. — Crude calcium cyanamide, ground to a fine 

 powder after removal from the ovens in which it is formed. 

 It contains about 55 ptv cent, of calcium cyanamide, CN.NCa, 

 about 2 per cent, calcium carbide, and about 20 per cent, of 

 free calcium oxide. 



