NEW DATA. 



75 



Lethal 3 proved to lie between club and vermilion, 13 units from 

 club and 5 from vermilion. The same locus was indicated by the data 

 from the cross of vermilion lethal-hearing females by eosin miniature 

 males. The complete data bearing on the position of lethal 3 is sum- 

 marized in table 56. On the basis of this data lethal 3 is located at 26.5. 



Table 56. — Summary of linkage data on lethal 3, from Morgan, 1014c. 



LETHAL 3a. 

 In January 1914 a vermilion female from a lethal 3 culture when 

 bred to a vermilion male gave 71 daughters and only 3 sons; 34 of these 

 daughters were tested, and every one of them gave a 2 : i sex-rario. 

 The explanation advanced (Morgan 1914c) was that the mother of rhe 

 high ratio was heterozygous for lethal 3, and also for another lethal 

 that had arisen by mutation in the X chromosome brought in by the 

 sperm. On this interpretation the few males that survived were those 

 that had arisen through crossing-over. The rarity of the sons shows 

 that the two lethals were in loci near together, although here of course 

 in different chromosomes, except when one of them crossed over to the 

 other. As explained in the section on lethal i and \a the distance 

 between the two lethals can be found by taking twice the number of the 

 surviving males (2-f3) as the cross-overs and the number of the females 

 as the non-cross-overs. But the 34 daughters tested were also non- 

 cross-overs, since none of them failed to carry a lethal. The fractions 



\ = give t;.7 as the distance between the lethals in question. 



71 + 34 105 ^ ^ ^ 



In the case of lethals 3 and 3^ another test was applied which showed 

 graphically that two lethals were present. Each of the daughters 

 tested showed, by the classes of her sons, the amount ot crossing-over 

 between white and that lethal of the two that she earned. 1 hese 

 cross-over values were plotted and gave a bi modal curve with modes 7 

 units apart. It had already been shown that the locus of one of the 

 two lethals was at 26.5, and since the higher of the two modes was at 

 about 23, it corresponds to lethal 3. The data and the curve show 

 that the lethals 3 and 3a are about 7 units apart, /. r., lethal 3 lies 

 at about 19.5. 



