16 



The Sheep-Fluhe. 



by reduciBg the area of the watershed and fencing it in so that no dung is 

 ever allowed to contaminate the water. The larvae of these ubiquitous 

 creatures may, it is true, be blown into the water by winds, but this will be 

 a comparatively rare occurrence. A secondary advantage is that the tank 

 may be placed in an otherwise healthy locality, which is accessible to the 

 stock with a minimum of labour. Instead of compelling the stock to go to 

 the lowest part of the paddock, located, it may be, a mile or two distant in an 

 out-of-the-way, wet, and, therefore, dangerous place, their vital forces could 

 be economised by placing the tank in a healthy spot, readily accessible from 

 all parts of the paddock with a minimum of labour, at a central position and 

 a medium level. 



"Water fenced off from stock may be led out into a trough by means of a 

 pipe and what is known as a ball-cock, i.e., a cock worked by a hollow copper 

 ball floating on the surface of the water. When the water in the trough 

 gets low, the lowering of the floating ball opens the cock and admits water, 



r*:!;-'**^'^v 



fcS^^^K^a 



Fig. 14.— Showing a ank, a, whose water-shed, w w w, is fenced off and kept free of stook. The 

 water is siphoned off into the trough b located in the stock paddock. 



which, gradually rising, again raises the ball and shuts off the supply. Thus 

 in Fig. 14, the tank a, filled from the fenced-in watershed w,w,w, might have 

 its water siphoned into a trough located at b. The plan of the pipe and 

 trough is shown in Eig. 10, and again in Kg. 13. 



Drainage from Camps and Licks. 



The pastoralist may frequently with advantage pay more careful attention 

 to the drainage from sheep-camps and salt-licks. These places are much 

 frequented by the stock, and in consequence much manure becomes collected 

 about them. This, of course, means that the eggs of fluke and other para- 

 sites of the alimentary canal or its appendages are more numerous here than 

 elsewhere. The tramping of the stock having worn the land bare and smooth 

 for considerable distances roundabout, the water of rain-storms quickly forms 

 rivulets capable of washing these eggs into lower places, where in pools, 

 dams, and streams, they find the conditions requisite for their further de- 

 velopment. 



The drainage of these places may sometimes be brought under control at 

 a very moderate cost. Eaces or gutters may be either ploughed or dug, and 



