case in hand and the width of steel used. Fit 

 the shoe before punching the nail holes ; by 

 doing so you will be better able to tell just 

 where they should ])e put. In cross firing cases 

 it is customary to braze a calk or grab on the 

 outside web. Sometimes this grab is extended 

 across the toe of the shoe. A long trail is left 

 on the outside and on this a set calk is also 

 brazed. Some shoers simply turn a heel calk 

 upon the end of the trail, but the long, brazed 

 calk is better as it keeps the foot from twist- 

 ing" when leaving the ground and stiffens the 

 trail, thereby keeping it from "buckling" or 

 bending up when the weight of the horse comes 

 on it in landing. The inside heel should be 

 fitted close and smooth — no calk. When used 

 in front it can be used without calks with very 

 good results on trotters, but I believe the best 

 results are obtained with this shoe on pacers 

 if a small, sharp calk is brazed on the side and 

 around the toe and with low, sharp-set calks 

 at the heels. I would especially recommend 

 this shoe on knee hitting pacers that break over 

 in a snappy, winding manner at the outside toe 

 and in landing, set the foot over too far under 

 the body. The extension and outside grab will 

 have a tendency to make a horse break over 

 square, take away some of the side-motion of 

 the foot and when the foot lands it will come 

 straight down and stay there instead of coming 

 down too far under the body and slipping 

 farther over after it lands. Once in a while a 

 pacer will be found that needs this style of 

 shoe on one front foot only — the one he hits 

 with — and my advice in a case of this kind is to 

 use it on that foot and shoe the other foot as 



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