PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 21 



discovered in the bone of Toxodon, a fossil animal of perhaps 

 Pliocene times, in which an implement of quartzite was 

 apparently imbedded during life, the bone having grown up 

 round it. A human lower jaw of Neanderthal type has lately 

 been described, which was found in 1887 at a depth of 5 metres 

 in a bed of tufa in Catalonia. The exact geological age 

 cannot be determined, but the jaw is completely fossilised 

 and retains all the teeth, which are large and much worn. 

 This is the second instance of Neanderthal man in Spain, 

 the other being a skull from Gibraltar, in 1848. The Talgai 

 skull, found in the Darling Downs, Queensland, was com- 

 pletely mineralised and belongs to the Pleistocene period, 

 and is specially interesting as having been brought into 

 notice, though found 31 years before, at the visit of the 

 British Association. It has been bought and presented to 

 the Sydney University. A portion of an early skull has also 

 been found at Boskop in South Africa, but its age seems to 

 require further confirmation. A valuable paper by Professor 

 Petrie, on ancient Egyptian worked flints, appears in " Ancient 

 Egypt " for 1915. Civilized man goes back so far in 

 that region that the prehistoric period there has perhaps 

 been somewhat overshadowed. The last report of the 

 Archaeological Survey of Nubia deals much with the history 

 of its inhabitants, and is most important, as the flooding of 

 the country will prevent any future investigations. Both 

 N. and S. of Port Durnford, on the E. Coast of Africa, have 

 been found quantities of ruins, which do not, however, go back 

 beyond the foundation of Mahommedanism. There are also 

 in Somaliland numbers of artificial mounds, probably 

 sepulchral of early date, some 30 feet high. A workshop 

 of Palaeolithic flints has been discovered at Highfield, 

 Southampton, with great numbers of implements in various 

 stages. Excavations have been continued in the Palaeolithic 

 cave site in Jersey, with numerous finds of implements and 

 bones. The address of the President of the Anthropological 

 Section of the British Association dealt with the early history 

 of the Sudan, alluding specially to the worked flints and 



