OLD PORTLAND. 249 



formally opened by the King's daughter, Princess Elizabeth. 

 Many family portraits, manuscripts, books, and other relics 

 of the famous Quaker, William Penn, the founder of Penn- 

 sylvania, U.S.A., were brought from Stoke Park, Bucks, 

 to the new Castle named after the American State, where 

 they remained until recently. The tower, containing the 

 circular dining room and the circular boudoir (now a bed- 

 room) over it, commanding magnificent and wide sea views, 

 is one of the most attractive features of the house. John 

 Penn planted a large number of trees in the grounds, which 

 give the building surrounded by them a peculiar charm. 

 He introduced the red deer into the Island, and was intensely 

 proud of watching them browse in his miniature park. 



It must not, however, be thought that Penn was free 

 from difficulties in building the castle. There were several 

 freehold cottages within the area he had marked out for 

 his grounds, and these he had some trouble in obtaining ; 

 but eventually he was successful. Stone's cottage on the 

 proposed site of the mansion was obtained only by giving 

 the " Girt House " in exchange a costly sacrifice. An- 

 other cottage within the imitation-Tudor entrance gate- 

 way he converted into a castellated Lodge (" Ivy Cottage "), 

 and lit it with a number of very narrow lancet windows ; 

 here his Swedish friend, Baron Gustavus Nolcken, lived and 

 died. Penn also castellated a Jacobean cottage, and con- 

 verted it into a billiard room (it is some distance from the 

 house, and, like " Ivy Cottage," has fallen into disrepair). 

 Other cottages he obtained and utilised for his outdoor 

 servants ; others were turned into stables. He also had 

 to divert the old road to Southwell and make a new one, 

 which most of the Portlanders for years refused to recognise. 

 The parishioners' right of way through his grounds to their 

 ruined Parish Church of S. Andrew and Churchyard, 

 of which they made diligent use, was also a source of con- 

 stant irritation to him and of profitless litigation. The 

 islanders also considered that they had a right to go into 

 Rufus Castle, and they went there " as free as air." In 



